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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 September 2012
What may be called the orthodox view of the chronology of the revolt of Gaius Pescennius Niger during the early years of Septimius-Severus' principate is roughly as follows :—
Some time in the late spring of A.D. 193 both Septimius and Niger, then governors of Pannonia and Syria respectively, assumed the imperial title. The war occasioned by these rival claims opened in the neighbourhood of Byzantium somewhere in the autumn of the same year and consisted in a series of engagements of which the most noteworthy took place at Cyzicus, Nicaea, the Cilician Gates and Issus, ending with the total defeat of Niger on the last-named field. This defeat occurred in the autumn of 194 and was followed by the pursuit and death of the unsuccessful claimant on the banks of the Euphrates in the early winter of that year.
page 146 note 1 Gesch. der röm. Kaiserzeit, i, p. 711.
page 146 note 2 Rom. Emp. p. 240.
page 146 note 3 Gesch. der röm. Kaiser, ii, p. 252.
page 146 note 4 Ceuleneer, La Vie ie Sept. Sev. p. 61 ff; Fuchs, Gesch. Sept. Sev. p. 43ff; Höfner, Untersuch. zur Gesch. des Kaisers L. Sept. Sev. p. 163; Wirth, Quaest. Sev. pp. 9 and 24; Platnauer, Life and Reign of L. Sept. Sev. p. 91.
page 146 note 5 Hunt Coll. iii (1905), p. 200, 6Google Scholar.
page 146 note 6 Brit. Mus. Cat., Galatia, p. 25, nos. 9 and 14.
page 146 note 7 Op. cit. p. 73 ff. nos. 219, 222, 235.
page 147 note 1 Schiller, op. cit. i. p. 709; Stout, Govs. of Moesia, p. 33; Platnauer, op. cit. p. 83, note. Cf. Inscr. Gr. ad res Rom. pert. iii, 147, where Septimius is referred to as τὸν ἴ[δ] ιον σωτῆρα καὶ εὐεργέτην in a Glalatian inscription.
page 147 note 2 L'Ann. Ep. 1910, no. 106.
page 148 note 1 Mr. Harrer believes the Province to have been divided in 194.
page 148 note 2 C.I.L. iii, 14169, 14172, 14174, 14176.
page 148 note 3 Domaszewski, Rangordnung, p. 173; Marquardt, Staatsver, i, 431.
page 148 note 4 Spart. Sev. 12, 6.
page 148 note 5 My own included (p. 79, note). Cf. Höfn. p. 126, and Ceul. P. 63, ‘Pour la leg. iii Cyr. nous en avons une quasi-certitude, vu qu' elle se prononçaplus tard pour Albin.’
page 148 note 6 B.G.U. 1, 199,1. 20 ff.
page 149 note 1 Brit. Mus. ii, 345; wrongly referred to by Mr. Harrer as 351 (p. 85, note 61).
page 149 note 2 Eckhel, , Doctr. Num. vii, p. 172Google Scholar; Cohen, , Méd. Imp. iv, p. 8, etcGoogle Scholar.
page 149 note 3 P. 81.
page 149 note 4 Quaest. Sev. p. 24.
page 149 note 5 B.G.U. i, 326, col. 2, I. 12.
page 149 note 6 Harrer, op. cit. p. 79, note 16. It is dated in the month Φαμενώθ=Feb. 25—Mar. 26. The papyrus is Grenf. Gk. Pap. ii, p. 95, no. 60.
page 150 note 1 In my Life and Reign of Sept. Sev. p. 122, I say that Egypt's partisanship of Niger ‘had been unanimous and whole-hearted’. This statement I herewith retract.
page 150 note 2 Eck. iv, 81.
page 150 note 3 Platn. op. cit. p. 62, note.
page 150 note 4 Domasz, . in Rhein. Mus. liii, p. 638Google Scholar.
page 150 note 5 Wirth, op. cit. p. 24; Liebenam, Fast. cos. p. 109; Platn. op. cit. p. 32.
page 150 note 6 Cohen, , Sept. Sev. iv, no. 364Google Scholar; Eck. (vii, 172) refers to an inscription (not a coin) in Muratori's collection.
page 150 note 7 C.I.L. vi, 1026.
page 150 note 8 p. 81.
page 151 note 1 e.g. Eck. vii, 171; Coh. Sept. Sev. nos. 150, 335, etc.
page 151 note 2 L'Ann Ep. 1908, 146.
page 151 note 3 Eck. vii, I; Coh. Sept. Sev. nos. 113, 116, 331, 686, 691.71
page 152 note 1 Cod. Iust. iii, 28, I; Platn, p. 84, note.
page 152 note 2 For the date see Spart. Sev. 5, 1.
page 152 note 3 We know, moreover, that Didius Iulianus was executed on June 1, and that Severus had not reached Rome by that date. Cf. Platn. p. 68.
page 152 note 4 The news of the battle of Munda reached Rome in 35 days (Barth, Quaestiones Tullianae, p. 20) and Issus is even as the crow flies 250 miles further from Rome than Munda is.
page 152 note 5 Spart. Sev. 8, 9.
page 153 note 1 Camb. Med. Hist. i. p. 236.
page 153 note 2 Op. cit. p. 243.