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Language and Meaning in Tacitus’ Annals

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ANTHONY J.WOODMAN (ED.), THE ANNALS OF TACITUS: BOOK 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xxi + 349. isbn9781108419611. £84.99.
ANTHONY J.WOODMAN (ED.), THE ANNALS OF TACITUS: BOOKS 5 AND 6. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. xxi + 325. isbn9781107152700. £103.99.
RHIANNONASH (ED.), TACITUS: ANNALS BOOK XV. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xv + 368. isbn9780521269391. £24.99.

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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2021

Katherine Clarke
Katherine Clarke*
Affiliation:
St Hilda's College, Oxford
*
[email protected]
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Extract

‘Verbal disharmonies reflect the complexities of history and all that is ambiguous in the behaviour of men. … His theme was savage and sinister, with no place for hope, ease or happiness. … Tacitus took possession of the Latin language, bent it to his will, and pushed to the utter limits all that it knew or promised of energy, gravity, and magnificence.’

(R. Syme, Tacitus, 1958: 347–8, 358)

Sir Ronald Syme, whose appreciation of the greatest of Roman historians remains vivid, insightful and compelling more than sixty years after the publication of his monumental work, thus highlighted one of the most challenging and enriching aspects of our own engagement with this author—the simultaneous difficulty and resonance of his language. Any reader will recognise Syme's characterisation of a Latin language bent to Tacitus’ will. Difficult for students, testing for experienced academics, Tacitus’ Latin defies the morphology of the primer and the syntax of the grammar. Everything we learned from Cicero about Latin forms, balanced clauses, rhetorical crescendos and word-order is thrown by Tacitus into disarray. His use of Latin jars and disrupts. Even the call for variatio is subverted, with a conservative and limited vocabulary in play, involving frequent repetition of key abstract terms, but conversely little pattern or regularity in the syntax of sentences. The ‘verbal disharmonies’ both challenge the reader and enrich the meaning. The highly charged nature of Tacitus’ Latin and its capacity, in his ‘possession’, to encapsulate the political complexities of the period is well established. No word is casually or carelessly chosen; phrasing carries resonance; echoes are significant.

Type
Review Articles
Information
The Journal of Roman Studies , Volume 111 , November 2021 , pp. 215 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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Footnotes

I should like to thank the three anonymous readers for their constructive criticisms and invaluable suggestions, as well as Myles Lavan for his generous help, patience and eagle-eyed attention to detail throughout the process of revision and publication. All remaining errors remain, of course, my own responsibility.

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