Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:26:07.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Unemployment, human capital depreciation and pension benefits: an empirical evaluation of German data*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2011

NIKLAS POTRAFKE
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Box 138, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany (e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract

This paper investigates empirically how unemployment-induced employment-breaks at different career stages influence pension benefits. The analysis is based on German data. I distinguish four different career phases and investigate to what extent the prevailing social security policy compensated for earning losses. The results suggest that (1) losses in pension benefits were the greatest if unemployment occurred in the middle of a career (between 31 and 50); (2) social security policies have had a mitigating effect on losses in pension benefits. These findings indicate that institutions have a decided influence on how career patterns translate into pension benefits.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beblo, M., Bender, S. and Wolf, E. (2009) Establishment-level wage effects of entering motherhood. Oxford Economic Papers, 61: i11i34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beblo, M. and Wolf, E. (2002) Wage penalties for career interruptions – an empirical analysis for West Germany. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 02-45.Google Scholar
Becker, G.S. (1964) Human Capital – a Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. New York and London: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Bieber, U. and Stegmann, M. (2000) Sozialversicherungspflichtige Teilzeitbeschäftigung in den Erwerbsbiographien der zukünftigen Rentnerinnen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Altersvorsorge. Deutsche Rentenversicherung, 6: 364383.Google Scholar
Börsch-Supan, A., Reil-Held, A. and Schunk, D. (2008) Saving incentives, old-age provision and displacement effects: evidence from the recent German pension reform. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 7: 295319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breyer, F. and Hupfeld, S. (2009) Fairness of public pensions and old-age poverty. FinanzArchiv, 65: 358380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breyer, F. and Hupfeld, S. (2010) On the fairness of early-retirement provision. German Economic Review, 11: 6077.Google Scholar
Breyer, F. and Kifmann, M. (2002) Incentives to retire later – a solution to the social security crises? Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 1: 111130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breyer, F. and Kifmann, M. (2004) The German retirement benefit formula: drawbacks and alternatives. FinanzArchiv, 60, 6382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucheli, M., Forteza, A. and Rossi, I. (2010) Work histories and the access to contributory pensions: the case of Uruguay. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 9: 369391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burdett, K., Carillo-Tudela, C. and Coles, M.G. (2009) Human capital accumulation and labour market equilibrium. IZA Discussion Paper, No. 4215.Google Scholar
Coile, C.C. and Levine, P.B. (2007) Labor market shocks and retirement: do government programs matter? Journal of Public Economics, 91: 19021919.Google Scholar
Colombino, M., Hernæs, E., Locatelli, M. and Strøm, S. (2011) Pension reforms, liquidity constraints and labour supply responses. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 10: 5374.Google Scholar
Dreher, A. and Gassebner, M. (2007) Greasing the wheels of entrepreneurship? The impact of regulations and corruption on firm entry. CESifo Working Paper, No. 2013.Google Scholar
Fachinger, U. and Himmelreicher, R.K. (2006) Die Bedeutung des Scientific Use Files Vollendete Versichertenleben 2004 (SUFVVL2004) aus der Perspektive der Ökonomik. Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Heft 9–10: 562582.Google Scholar
Fehr, H. and Habermann, C. (2006) Pension reform and demographic uncertainty: the case of Germany. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 5: 6990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fehr, H., Kallweit, M. and Kindermann, F. (2011) Pension reform with variable retirement age: a simulation analysis for Germany. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Fisher, W.H. and Keuschnigg, C. (2010) Pension reform and labor market incentives. Journal of Population Economics, 23: 769803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, R.J. (1982) In defence of multiplicative terms in multiple regression equations. American Journal of Political Science, 26: 797833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frommert, D., Ohsmann, S. and Rehfeld, U. (2008) Altervorsorge in Deutschland 2005 (AVID 2005). Die neue Studie im Überblick. Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Heft 1: 119.Google Scholar
Geyer, J. and Steiner, V. (2007). Short-run and long-term effects of childbirth on mothers’ employment and working hours across institutional regimes – an empirical analysis based on the European Community Household Panel. DIW Discussion Paper, No. 682.Google Scholar
Geyer, J. and Steiner, V. (2010) Public pensions, changing employment patterns, and the impact of pension reforms across birth cohorts – a microsimulation analysis for Germany. School of Business and Economics Discussion Paper, No. 2010/8. Free University Berlin.Google Scholar
Görlich, D. and De Grip, A. (2009) Human capital depreciation during hometime. Oxford Economic Papers, 1: i98–i121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauschild, C. (2002) Empirische Haushaltsbiographietypen und ihre finanzielle Situation im Alter, Diskussionspapier Forschungsnetzwerk Alterssicherung der Deutschen Rentenversicherung.Google Scholar
Himmelreicher, R.K. and Frommert, D. (2006) Gibt es Hinweise auf zunehmende Ungleichheit der Alterseinkünfte und zunehmende Altersarmut? Der Einfluss von Erwerbs- und Familienbiographien auf die Rentenhöhe in Deutschland. Vierteljahreshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, 75: 108130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hupfeld, S. (2009) Rich and healthy – better than poor and sick? An empirical analysis of income, health, and the duration of the pension benefit spell. Journal of Health Economics, 28: 427443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hupfeld, S. (2011) Non-monotonicity in the longevity-income-relationship. Journal of Population Economics, 24: 191211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kortmann, K. and Schatz, C. (1999) Zusammenfassung wichtiger Ergebnisse der Untersuchung ‘Strukturen und Trends der Altersvorsorge von 40–60jährigen Rentenversicherten und ihrer Ehepartner’. Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Heft 10–11: 573597.Google Scholar
Kunze, A. (2002) The timing of careers and human capital depreciation. IZA Discussion, Paper No. 509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lachance, M.-E. (2011) Optimal onset and exhaustion of retirement savings in a life-cycle model. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Licht, G. and Steiner, V. (1992) Individual income dynamics, human capital effects and non-employment spells. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 209/3–4: 241265.Google Scholar
Light, A. and Ureta, M. (1995) Early-career work experience and gender wage differentials. Journal of Labor Economics, 13: 121154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lühning, R. (2006) Entwicklung des Leistungsrechts der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland seit der großen Rentenreform von 1957 (1957–2004). Berlin: Logos Verlag.Google Scholar
Mincer, J. (1974) Schooling, Experience and Earnings. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Mincer, J. (1993) Studies in Human Capital – Collected Essay of Jacob Mincer – Volume 1. Cambridge: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mincer, J. and Polachek, S.W. (1974) Family investments in human capital: earnings of Women. Journal of Political Economy, 82: 76–108.Google Scholar
Mincer, J. and Ofek, H. (1982) Interrupted work careers: depreciation and restoration of human Capital. Journal of Human Resources, 17: 3–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, M. (2000) Zentrale Ergebnisse zur Altersvorsorge der Rentenversicherten der Geburtsjahrgänge 1936–1955. DRV-Schriften, 23: 1237.Google Scholar
Schatz, C., Merz, J. and Kortmann, K. (2002) Künftige Alterseinkommen – eine Mikrosimulationsstudie zur Entwicklung der Renten und Altersvorsorge in Deutschland (AVID’96). Schmollers Jahrbuch, 122: 227260.Google Scholar
Stegmann, M. (2006 a) Aufbereitung der Sondererhebung ‘Vollendete Versichertenleben 2004’ als Scientific Use File für das FDZ-RV’. Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Heft 9–10: 537553.Google Scholar
Stegmann, M. (2006 b) Die Bedeutung des Scientific Use Files FDZ-Biografiedaten-VVL2004 (SUFVVL2004) für die Arbeitsmarktforschung’. Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Heft 9–10: 554561.Google Scholar
Steiner, V. (2003) The protection of low-wage earners in old-age – an empirical reflection. DRV-Schriften, 43: 7583.Google Scholar
Uysal, S.D. and Pohlmeier, W. (2011) Unemployment duration and personality. Journal of Economic Psychology, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Wunder, C. (2005) Arbeitslosigkeit und Alterssicherung – der Einfluss früherer Arbeitslosigkeit auf die Höhe der gesetzlichen Altersrente. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsmarktforschung, 4: 493509.Google Scholar