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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008
Race relations have become one of the most sensitive of international issues. They have been transformed from the domestic concern of single countries to a matter of world concern. The story of this transformation is almost too well-known for comment. It grew from a massive revulsion against fascist racialism, the decline of white dominance, the emergence of new states from colonial empires, and the growing dependence of developed countries on the raw materials of the less developed. The United Nations Organisation has, in addition, given the non-white majority a forum from which they can condemn countries maintaining racial stratification. It is clear, therefore, that a breakdown in racial prejudice would not only ease some world tensions, but is a desirable end in itself.
page 487 note 1 Blumer, Herbert, ‘Industrialisation and Race Relations’, in Hunter, Guy (ed.), Industrialisation and Race Relations: a sympsosium (London, 1965), pp. 220–53Google Scholar.
page 488 note 1 Ibid. p. 246.
page 490 note 1 Quoted in Horrell, Muriel (compiler), A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, 1974 (Johannesburg, 1975), pp. 256–7Google Scholar.
page 490 note 2 Ibid. p. 257.
page 490 note 3 Republic of South Africa, Department of Labour. Manpower Surveys (Pretoria), ix, 1972 and X, 1974.
page 490 note 4 The Argus (Cape Town), 20 March 1974.
page 491 note 1 Steenkamp, F. J. W., ‘Labour Policies for Industrial Growth during the Seventies’, in South African Journal of Economics (Johannesburg), XXXIX, pp. 97–111Google Scholar.
page 491 note 2 South Africa, House of Assembly Debates (Cape Town), 6 Sptember 1974, cols 385–400, and 12 April 1975, col. 4929.
page 492 note 1 Afrikaners are whites of Dutch and French descent, speaking a language named Afrikaans.Other whites are English-speaking and of British or other European descent.
page 492 note 2 See, for instance, Walker, Ivan L. and Weinbren, Ben, 2000 Casualties: a history of the South African kbour movement (Johannesburg, 1961)Google Scholar, and Hepple, Alex, South Africa: a political and economic history (London, 1966)Google Scholar.
page 493 note 1 Furthermore, much of the Afrikaans private sector remains highly Nationalist in outlook due in large part to the rôle that the Afrikaner nationalist movement played in creating Afrikaner commerce and industry. See, for instance, Stokes, Randall G., ‘The Afrikaner Industrial Entrepreneur and Afrikaner Nationalism’, in Economic Development and Cultural Change (Chicago), XXII, 1974, pp. 557–79Google Scholar.
page 495 note 1 Market Research (Africa) Ltd., between January and March 1973.
page 496 note 1 See, for instance, Lever, Henry and Wagner, O. J. M., ‘Urbanization and the Afrikaner’, in Race (London), XI, 1969, pp. 183–8Google Scholar; and Hartmann, Heinz, Enterprise and Politics in South Africa (Princeton, 1962), pp. 2–5Google Scholar.
page 498 note 1 The model is a graphic depiction of the presumed causal relationships of the major variables under discussion. Figures on straight lines are standardised regression coefficients (‘betas’), and reflect the strength and direction of the relationships. The model is derived from regression analysis, details of which are discussed in the appendix (7). Residuals are omitted.
page 499 note 1 Festinger, Leon, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford, 1957)Google Scholar; Perloe, S. I., ‘The Effects of Attitudes and Concepts on Categorization’, in Journal of Personality (Durham, N.C.) XXXII, 1964, pp. 249–69Google Scholar; McGinnes, E., ‘Emotionality and Perceptual Defence’, in Psychological Review (Washington), LVI, 1963, pp. 244–51Google Scholar; and Feather, N. T., ‘Cognitive Dissonance: sensitivity and evaluation’, in Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (Washington), LXVI, 1963, pp. 157–63Google Scholar.
page 501 note 1 Blumer, loc. cit. p. 246.
page 501 note 2 Ray Marshall, ‘Industrialization and Race Relations in the Southern United States’, in Hunter (ed.), op. cit. pp. 73–4.
page 502 note 1 The Star (Johannesburg), 14 04 1975.
page 502 note 2 Ibid. 29 March 1975.
page 502 note 3 For a good summary, see Lipton, Merle, ‘South Africa: authoritarian reform?’, in World Today (London), XXX, 1974, pp. 247–59Google Scholar.
page 503 note 1 Horrell, op. cit. p. 257.
page 503 note 2 Tuden, Arthur and Plotnicov, Leonard (eds.), Social Stratification in Africa (New York, 1970)Google Scholar.
page 503 note 3 Solaún, Mauricio and Kronus, Sidney, Discrimination Without Violence: miscegenation and racial conflict (New York, 1973)Google Scholar.