Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008
Disappointed with the development performance of most Third-World countries during the past two decades, many scholars and public officials have looked for a more effective strategy. They are concerned not merely with the extent of growth, but where it has occurred, with evidence that relatively little of the benefits of increased productivity has ‘trickled down’ to the poorer half of the populations of these lands. Capital-intensive methods have raised expectations in both the urban and the rural areas without generating adequate employment opportunities or distributing the benefits of growth equitably. As a consequence, the many poor remain as desperately disadvantaged as they ever were, making a re-evaluation of development priorities, within as well as outside of Africa, of the utmost importance at this juncture.
page 143 note 1 Streeten, Paul and Burki, Shahid Javed, ‘Basic Human Needs: some issues’, in World Development (London), VI, 3, 03 1978, pp. 412–13Google Scholar.
page 143 note 2 For an example of an African country which embraces the B.H.N.-approach as a central theme, see Republic of Kenya, Development Plan, 1979–1983 (Nairobi, 1979), Vol. 1Google Scholar.
page 145 note 1 Sources: Burki, S. J. and Voorhoeve, J. J. C., ‘Global Estimates for Meeting Basic Needs’, in World Bank Basic Needs, Paper No. 1 (Washington, 1977)Google Scholar; and Streeten and Burki, loc. cit. pp. 410–18.
page 145 note 2 Source: Burki and Voorhoeve, loc. cit. pp. 1–7.
page 146 note 1 Beazer, W. F. and Pulley, L. B., Foreign Aid and the Domestic Costs of Sahel Development Projects (Ann Arbor, 1978), pp. 7–9Google Scholar.
page 146 note 2 Ibid. pp. 8–9.
page 146 note 3 Ibid. p. 10.
page 147 note 1 Ibid. p. vi.
page 147 note 2 Heller, Peter, ‘Recurrent Development Costs’, in Finance and Development (Washington), XVI, 1, 1979, pp. 40–1Google Scholar.
page 148 note 1 Ibid. p. 41; see also Lele, Uma, The Design of Rural Development: lessons from Africa (Baltimore, 1975), pp. 97–102Google Scholar.
page 148 note 2 Development Assistance Committee, ‘The Financing of Recurrent Costs’, Press Release A, 77, 47, Paris, 31 01 1979, pp. 1–2Google Scholar.
page 148 note 3 Beazer and Pulley, op. cit. p. vii.
page 149 note 1 D.A.C., ‘The Financing of Recurrent Costs’, pp. 3–4.
page 149 note 2 DrMasire, Q. K., The Budget Speech, 1978 (Gaborone, 1979), pp. 10–11Google Scholar.
page 150 note 1 Rothchild, Donald and Curry, Robert L. Jr, Scarcity, Choice and Public Polky in Middle Africa (Berkeley, 1978), p. 268Google Scholar.