Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T15:58:48.560Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-organization of Cu–Ag during controlled severe plastic deformation at high temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Salman N. Arshad ,
Timothy G. Lach ,
Julia Ivanisenko ,
Daria Setman ,
Pascal Bellon ,
Shen J. Dillon Open the ORCID record for Shen J. Dillon [Opens in a new window]  and
Robert S. Averback
Salman N. Arshad
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; and Department of Chemistry, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
Timothy G. Lach
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Julia Ivanisenko
Affiliation:
Institute for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Daria Setman
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Pascal Bellon
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Shen J. Dillon*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Robert S. Averback
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Cu90Ag10 alloys were subjected to severe plastic deformation at temperatures ranging from 25 to 400 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.1 to 6.25 s−1 using high-pressure torsion. The deformed samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and atom-probe tomography. A dynamic competition between shear-induced mixing and thermally activated decomposition led to the self-organization of the Cu–Ag system at length scales varying from a few atomic distances at room temperature to ≈50 nm at 400 °C. Steady-state microstructural length scales were minimally affected by varying the strain rate, although at 400 °C, the grain morphology did depend on strain-rate. Our results show that diffusion below 300 °C is dominated by nonequilibrium vacancies, and by comparison with previous Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations [D. Schwen et al., J. Mater. Res.28, 2687–2693 (2013)], their concentration could be obtained.

Keywords

mechanical alloyingCuAg
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 12 , 28 June 2015 , pp. 1943 - 1956
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Gholinia, A., Prangnell, P.B., and Markushev, M.V.: The effect of strain path on the development of deformation structures in severely deformed aluminum alloys processed by ECAE. Acta Mater. 48(5), 1115 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakashima, K., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Influence of channel angle on the development of ultrafine grains in equal-channel angular pressing. Acta Mater. 46(5), 1589 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsuji, N., Saito, Y., Lee, S-H., and Minamino, Y.: ARB (accumulative roll-bonding) and other new techniques to produce bulk ultrafine grained materials. Adv. Eng. Mater. 5(5), 338 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valiev, R.: Nanostructuring of metals by severe plastic deformation for advanced properties. Nat. Mater. 3(8), 511 (2004).Google Scholar
Bachmaier, A., Kerber, M., Setman, D., and Pippan, R.: The formation of supersaturated solid solutions in Fe–Cu alloys deformed by high-pressure torsion. Acta Mater. 60(3), 860 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dao, M., Lu, L., Asaro, R.J., De Hosson, J.T.M., and Ma, E.: Toward a quantitative understanding of mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals. Acta Mater. 55(12), 4041 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, B.L., Perez, R.J., Lavernia, E.J., and Luton, M.J.: Formation of supersaturated solid solutions by mechanical alloying. Nanostruct. Mater. 7(1–2), 67 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, J.Y., Yu, Y.D., Wu, Y.K., Li, D.X., and Ye, H.Q.: Microstructure and nanoscale composition analysis of the mechanical alloying of FeXCu100-X (X = 16, 60). Acta Mater. 45(1), 113 (1997).Google Scholar
Popov, V.V., Popova, E.N., and Stolbovskiy, A.V.: Nanostructuring Nb by various techniques of severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 539, 22 (2012).Google Scholar
Quelennec, X., Menand, A., Le Breton, J.M., Pippan, R., and Sauvage, X.: Homogeneous Cu–Fe supersaturated solid solutions prepared by severe plastic deformation. Philos. Mag. 90(9–10), 1179 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuh, C.A., Nieh, T.G., and Iwasaki, H.: The effect of solid solution W additions on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni. Acta Mater. 51(2), 431 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarz, R.B. and Koch, C.C.: Formation of amorphous alloys by the mechanical alloying of crystalline powders of pure metals and powders of pure metals and powders of intermetallics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(3), 146 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klassen, T., Herr, U., and Averback, R.S.: Ballmilling of systems with positive heat of mixing: Effect of temperature in Ag-Cu. Acta Mater. 45(7), 2921 (1997).Google Scholar
Delogu, F., Pintore, M., Enzo, S., Cardellini, F., Contini, V., Montone, A., and Rosato, V.: Mechanical alloying of immiscible elements: Experimental results on Ag-Cu and Co-Cu. Philos. Mag. B 76(4), 651 (1997).Google Scholar
Gente, C., Oehring, M., and Bormann, R.: Formation of thermodynamically unstable solid solutions in the copper-cobalt system by mechanical alloying. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 48(18), 13244 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, E. and Atzmon, M.: Phase transformations induced by mechanical alloying in binary systems. Mater. Chem. Phys. 39(4), 249 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arshad, S.N., Lach, T.G., Pouryazdan, M., Hahn, H., Bellon, P., Dillon, S.J., and Averback, R.S.: Dependence of shear-induced mixing on length scale. Scr. Mater. 68(3–4), 215 (2013).Google Scholar
Pouryazdan, M., Schwen, D., Wang, D., Scherer, T., Hahn, H., Averback, R.S., and Bellon, P.: Forced chemical mixing of immiscible Ag-Cu heterointerfaces using high-pressure torsion. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 86(14), 144302 (2012).Google Scholar
Bellon, P., Averback, R.S., Odunuga, S., Li, Y., Krasnochtchekov, P., and Caro, A.: Crossover from superdiffusive to diffusive mixing in plastically deformed solids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(11), 110602 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashkenazy, Y., Vo, N.Q., Schwen, D., Averback, R.S., and Bellon, P.: Shear induced chemical mixing in heterogeneous systems. Acta Mater. 60(3), 984 (2012).Google Scholar
Xu, J., Herr, U., Klassen, T., and Averback, R.S.: Formation of supersaturated solid solutions in the immiscible Ni-Ag system by mechanical alloying. J. Appl. Phys. 79(8, Pt. 1), 3935 (1996).Google Scholar
Wang, M., Averback, R.S., Bellon, P., and Dillon, S.: Chemical mixing and self-organization of Nb precipitates in Cu during severe plastic deformation. Acta Mater. 62, 276 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, M., Vo, N.Q., Campion, M., Nguyen, T.D., Setman, D., Dillon, S., Bellon, P., and Averback, R.S.: Forced atomic mixing during severe plastic deformation: Chemical interactions and kinetically driven segregation. Acta Mater. 66, 1 (2014).Google Scholar
Ma, E., He, J.H., and Schilling, P.J.: Mechanical alloying of immiscible elements: Ag-Fe contrasted with Cu-Fe. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 55(9), 5542 (1997).Google Scholar
Botcharova, E., Freudenberger, J., and Schultz, L.: Mechanical alloying of copper with niobium and molybdenum. J. Mater. Sci. 39(16–17), 5287 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Da Pozzo, A., Palmas, S., Vacca, A., and Delogu, F.: On the role of mechanical properties in the early stages of the mechanical alloying of Ag50Cu50 powder mixtures. Scr. Mater. 67(1), 104 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordero, Z.C. and Schuh, C.A.: Phase strength effects on chemical mixing in extensively deformed alloys. Acta Mater. 82, 123 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, A.C. and Schuh, C.A.: Topological and chemical arrangement of binary alloys during severe deformation. J. Appl. Phys. 95(9), 4815 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vo, N.Q., Odunuga, S., Bellon, P., and Averback, R.S.: Forced chemical mixing in immiscible alloys during severe plastic deformation at elevated temperatures. Acta Mater. 57(10), 3012 (2009).Google Scholar
Hohenwarter, A., Faller, M., Rashkova, B., and Pippan, R.: Influence of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution of Al-3 wt.% Cu during high-pressure torsion. Philos. Mag. Lett. 94(6), 342 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sauvage, X., Enikeev, N., Valiev, R., Nasedkina, Y., and Murashkin, M.: Atomic-scale analysis of the segregation and precipitation mechanisms in a severely deformed Al-Mg alloy. Acta Mater. 72, 125 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Straumal, B.B., Gornakova, A.S., Fabrichnaya, O.B., Kriegel, M.J., Mazilkin, A.A., Baretzky, B., Gusak, A.M., and Dobatkin, S.V.: Effective temperature of high pressure torsion in Zr-Nb alloys. High Temp. Mater. Processes (Berlin, Ger.) 31(4–5), 339 (2012).Google Scholar
Straumal, B.B., Protasova, S.G., Mazilkin, A.A., Kogtenkova, O.A., Kurmanaeva, L., Baretzky, B., Schutz, G., Korneva, A., and Zieba, P.: SPD-induced changes of structure and magnetic properties in the Cu-Co alloys. Mater. Lett. 98, 217 (2013).Google Scholar
Tugcu, K., Sha, G., Liao, X.Z., Trimby, P., Xia, J.H., Murashkin, M.Y., Xie, Y., Valiev, R.Z., and Ringer, S.P.: Enhanced grain refinement of an Al-Mg-Si alloy by high-pressure torsion processing at 100 °C. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 552, 415 (2012).Google Scholar
Zhilyaev, A.P., Sergeev, S.N., and Langdon, T.G.: Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microstructure evolution in HPT copper annealed at a low temperature. J. Mater. Res. Technol. (2014). Ahead of print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, F., Arshad, S.N., Bellon, P., Averback, R.S., Pouryazdan, M., and Hahn, H.: Sliding wear-induced chemical nanolayering in Cu-Ag, and its implications for high wear resistance. Acta Mater. 72, 148 (2014).Google Scholar
Tian, Y.Z., Wu, S.D., Zhang, Z.F., Figueiredo, R.B., Gao, N., and Langdon, T.G.: Comparison of microstructures and mechanical properties of a Cu-Ag alloy processed using different severe plastic deformation modes. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528(13–14), 4331 (2011).Google Scholar
Tian, Y.Z., Zhang, Z.F., and Langdon, T.G.: Achieving homogeneity in a two-phase Cu-Ag composite during high-pressure torsion. J. Mater. Sci. 48(13), 4606 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tian, Y.Z., Li, J.J., Zhang, P., Wu, S.D., Zhang, Z.F., Kawasaki, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Microstructures, strengthening mechanisms and fracture behavior of Cu-Ag alloys processed by high-pressure torsion. Acta Mater. 60(1), 269 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tian, Y.Z., Wu, S.D., Zhang, Z.F., Figueiredo, R.B., Gao, N., and Langdon, T.G.: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a two-phase Cu-Ag alloy processed by high-pressure torsion to ultrahigh strains. Acta Mater. 59(7), 2783 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, Y., Utsunomiya, H., Tsuji, N., and Sakai, T.: Novel ultra-high straining process for bulk materials-development of the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process. Acta Mater. 47(2), 579 (1999).Google Scholar
Valiev, R.Z., Alexandrov, I.V., Zhu, Y.T., and Lowe, T.C.: Paradox of strength and ductility in metals processed by severe plastic deformation. J. Mater. Res. 17(1), 5 (2002).Google Scholar
Suryanarayana, C.: Mechanical alloying and milling. Prog. Mater. Sci. 46(1–2), 1 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zghal, S., Twesten, R., Wu, F., and Bellon, P.: Electron microscopy nanoscale characterization of ball milled Cu-Ag powders. Part II: Nanocomposites synthesized by elevated temperature milling or annealing. Acta Mater. 50(19), 4711 (2002).Google Scholar
Wu, F., Isheim, D., Bellon, P., and Seidman, D.N.: Nanocomposites stabilized by elevated-temperature ball milling of Ag50Cu50 powders: An atom probe tomographic study. Acta Mater. 54(10), 2605 (2006).Google Scholar
Odunuga, S., Li, Y., Krasnochtchekov, P., Bellon, P., and Averback, R.S.: Forced chemical mixing in alloys driven by plastic deformation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(4), 045901 (2005).Google Scholar
Schwen, D., Wang, M., Averback, R.S., and Bellon, P.: Compositional patterning in immiscible alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation. J. Mater. Res. 28(19), 2687 (2013).Google Scholar
Zhilyaev, A.P. and Langdon, T.G.: Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: Fundamentals and applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 53(6), 893 (2008).Google Scholar
Pereira, P.H.R., Figueiredo, R.B., Huang, Y., Cetlin, P.R., and Langdon, T.G.: Modeling the temperature rise in high-pressure torsion. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 593, 185 (2014).Google Scholar
Valiev, R.Z., Islamgaliev, R.K., and Alexandrov, I.V.: Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Prog. Mater. Sci. 45(2), 103 (2000).Google Scholar
Einstein, A.: Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen. Ann. Phys. 17, 549 (1905).Google Scholar
Martin, G. and Bellon, P.: Driven alloys. Solid State Phys. 50, 189 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellman, O.C., Vandenbroucke, J.A., Rusing, J., Isheim, D., and Seidman, D.N.: Analysis of three-dimensional atom-probe data by the proximity histogram. Microsc. Microanal. 6(5), 437 (2000).Google Scholar
Patterson, A.L.: The Scherrer formula for X-Ray particle size determination. Phys. Rev. 56(10), 978 (1939).Google Scholar
Hilliard, J.E.: Conversion of intercept density to grain size. Met. Prog. 85(5), 99 (1964).Google Scholar
Linde, R.K.: Lattice parameters of metastable Ag-Cu alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 37(2), 934 (1966).Google Scholar
Enrique, R.A. and Bellon, P.: Compositional patterning in systems driven by competing dynamics of different length scale. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(13), 2885 (2000).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Militzer, M., Sun, W.P., and Jonas, J.J.: Modeling the effect of deformation-induced vacancies on segregation and precipitation. Acta Metall. Mater. 42(1), 133 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, S.H., Chen, X.M., and Weng, L.Q.: Solute diffusion during high-temperature plastic deformation in alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528(24), 7196 (2011).Google Scholar
Mecking, H. and Estrin, Y.: The effect of vacancy generation on plastic deformation. Scr. Metall. 14(7), 815 (1980).Google Scholar
Chen, Y., Bibole, M., Le Hazif, R., and Martin, G.: Ball-milling-induced amorphization in NixZry compounds: A parametric study. Phys. Rev. B 48(1), 14 (1993).Google Scholar
The equilibrium vacancy concentration, like the vacancy jump frequency, is influenced by interphase boundaries, however, it has been calculated in the simulations.Google Scholar
Vo, N.Q., Schaefer, J., Averback, R.S., Albe, K., Ashkenazy, Y., and Bellon, P.: Reaching theoretical strengths in nanocrystalline Cu by grain boundary doping. Scr. Mater. 65(8), 660 (2011).Google Scholar
Galindo-Nava, E.I. and Rivera-Diaz-del-Castillo, P.E.J.: Thermostatistical modelling of hot deformation in FCC metals. Int. J. Plast. 47, 202 (2013).Google Scholar
Hong, S.I. and Kwon, H.J.: Superplasticicity of Cu–16 at.% Ag microcomposites. J. Mater. Res. 16(06), 1822 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar