Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T17:24:02.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the origin of extraordinary cyclic strengthening of the austenitic stainless steel Sanicro 25 during fatigue at 700 °C

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2017

Milan Heczko Open the ORCID record for Milan Heczko [Opens in a new window] ,
Bryan D. Esser ,
Timothy M. Smith ,
Přemysl Beran ,
Veronika Mazánová ,
Tomáš Kruml ,
Jaroslav Polák  and
Michael J. Mills
Milan Heczko*
Affiliation:
Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA; and Institute of Physics of Materials, CAS, Brno 61662, Czech Republic
Bryan D. Esser
Affiliation:
Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA
Timothy M. Smith
Affiliation:
NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA
Přemysl Beran
Affiliation:
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS, Řež near Prague 25068, Czech Republic
Veronika Mazánová
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61662, Czech Republic
Tomáš Kruml
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61662, Czech Republic
Jaroslav Polák
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61662, Czech Republic
Michael J. Mills
Affiliation:
Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The origin of the extraordinary strengthening of the highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel Sanicro 25 during cyclic loading at 700 °C was investigated by the use of advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Along with substantial change of the dislocation structure, nucleation of two distinct populations of nanoparticles was revealed. Fully coherent Cu-rich nanoparticles were observed to be homogeneously dispersed with high number density along with nanometer-sized incoherent NbC carbides precipitating on dislocations during cyclic loading. Probe-corrected high-angle annular dark-field STEM imaging was used to characterize the atomic structure of nanoparticles. Compositional analysis was conducted using both electron energy loss spectroscopy and high spatial resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. High-temperature exposure-induced precipitation of spatially dense coherent Cu-rich nanoparticles and strain-induced nucleation of incoherent NbC nanoparticles leads to retardation of dislocation movement. The pinning effects and associated obstacles to the dislocation motion prevent recovery and formation of the localized low-energy cellular structures. As a consequence, the alloy exhibits remarkable cyclic hardening at elevated temperatures.

Keywords

steelfatiguescanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 32 , Issue 23: Focus Issue: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Advanced Metallic Alloys—in Honor of Prof. Haël Mughrabi PART A , 14 December 2017 , pp. 4342 - 4353
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Lei Lu

References

REFERENCES

Mughrabi, H.: Dislocations in Fatigue, in Dislocations and Properties of Real Materials (The Institute of Metals, London, 1985); p. 244.Google Scholar
Mughrabi, H. and Christ, H-J.: Cyclic deformation and fatigue of selected ferritic and austenitic steels: Specific aspects. ISIJ Int. 37, 1154 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, C., Charsley, P., and Mughrabi, H.: Low energy dislocation structures produced by cyclic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 81, 433 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mughrabi, H.: Dislocation wall and cell structures and long-range internal stresses in deformed metal crystals. Acta Metall. 31, 1367 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, P.: Austenitic Stainless Steels—Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, 1st ed. (Springer, London, England, 1984); p. 432.Google Scholar
Maziasz, P.J. and Busby, J.T.: Properties of austenitic steels for nuclear reactor applications. In Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Vol. 2, Konings, R.J.M., ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2012); p. 267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chai, G. and Forsberg, U.: Sanicro 25: An advanced high-strength, heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel. In Materials for Ultra-Supercritical and Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants, Di Gianfrancesco, A., ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2017); p. 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polák, J., Petráš, R., Heczko, M., Kuběna, I., Kruml, T., and Chai, G.: Low cycle fatigue behavior of Sanicro 25 steel at room and at elevated temperature. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 615, 175 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polák, J., Petráš, R., Heczko, M., Kruml, T., and Chai, G.: Evolution of the cyclic plastic response of Sanicro 25 steel cycled at ambient and elevated temperatures. Int. J. Fatigue 83, 75 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polák, J., Mazánová, V., Kuběna, I., Heczko, M., and Man, J.: Surface relief and internal structure in fatigued stainless Sanicro 25 steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47, 1907 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polák, J., Mazánová, V., Heczko, M., Kuběna, I., and Man, J.: Profiles of persistent slip markings and internal structure of underlying persistent slip bands. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 40, 1101 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chai, G., Boström, M., Olaison, M., and Forsberg, U.: Creep and LCF behaviors of newly developed advanced heat resistant austenitic stainless steel for A-USC. Procedia Eng. 55, 232 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zurek, J., Yang, S-M., Lin, D-Y., Huttel, T., Singheiser, L., and Quadakkers, W.J.: Microstructural stability and oxidation behavior of Sanicro 25 during long-term steam exposure in the temperature range 600–750 °C. Mater. Corros. 66, 315 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heczko, M., Polák, J., and Kruml, T.: Microstructure and dislocation arrangements in Sanicro 25 steel fatigued at ambient and elevated temperatures. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 680, 168 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petráš, R., Škorík, V., and Polák, J.: Thermomechanical fatigue and damage mechanisms in Sanicro 25 steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 650, 52 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sourmail, T.: Precipitation in creep resistant austenitic stainless steels. Mater. Sci. Technol. 17, 1 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danielsen, H.K., Hald, J., Grumsen, F.B., and Somers, M.A.J.: On the crystal structure of Z-phase Cr(V,Nb)N. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 37, 2633 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obrtlík, K., Kruml, T., and Polák, J.: Dislocation structures in 316L stainless steel cycled with plastic strain amplitudes over a wide interval. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 187, 1 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, S.I. and Laird, C.: Mechanisms of slip mode modification in F.C.C. solid solutions. Acta Metall. Mater. 38, 1581 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, J., Hultman, L., Holström, E., Antonsson, K.H., Grehk, M., Li, W., Vitos, L., and Golpayegani, A.: Stacking fault energies in austenitic stainless steels. Acta Mater. 111, 39 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caillard, D. and Martin, J-L.: Thermally Activated Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity, 1st ed., Pergamon Materials Series (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2003); p. 452.Google Scholar
Gerland, M., Alain, R., Ait Saadi, B., and Mendez, J.: Low cycle fatigue behaviour in vacuum of a 316L-type austenitic stainless steel between 20 and 600 °C—Part II: Dislocation structure evolution and correlation with cyclic behaviour. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 229, 68 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pham, M.S., Solenthaler, C., Janssens, K.G.F., and Holdsworth, S.R.: Dislocation structure evolution and its effects on cyclic deformation response of AISI 316L stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528, 3261 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.L., Arnold, G.P., Storms, E.K., and Nereson, N.G.: The crystal structure of Cr23C6 . Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 28, 3102 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tohyama, A. and Minami, Y.: Development of the high temperature materials for ultra super critical boilers. In Advanced Heat Resistant Steel for Power Generation, Viswanathan, R. and Nutting, J., eds. (The Institute of Materials, London, U.K., 1999); p. 494.Google Scholar
Jiang, J. and Zhu, L.: Strengthening mechanisms of precipitates in S30432 heat-resistant steel during short-term aging. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 539, 170 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chi, C., Yu, H., Dong, J., Liu, W., Cheng, S., Liu, Z., and Xie, X.: The precipitation strengthening behavior of Cu-rich phase in Nb contained advanced Fe–Cr–Ni type austenitic heat resistant steel for USC power plant application. Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater. Int. 22, 175 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poddar, D., Cizek, P., Beladi, H., and Hodgson, P.D.: Evolution of strain-induced precipitates in a model austenitic Fe–30Ni–Nb steel and their effect on the flow behavior. Acta Mater. 80, 1 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D.B. and Carter, C.B.: Transmission Electron Microscopy—A Textbook for Materials Science, 2nd ed. (Springer, USA, 2009); p. 775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, M.C. and Carroll, L.J.: Fatigue and creep-fatigue deformation of an ultra-fine precipitate strengthened advanced austenitic alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 556, 864 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, G.: Kikuchi electron diffraction and applications. In Modern Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science, Amelinckx, S., Gevers, R., Remant, G., and Van Landuyt, L., eds. (North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, Holland, 1970); p. 746.Google Scholar
Edington, J.W.: Electron Diffraction in the Electron Microscope (MacMillan Press, London, England, 1975); p. 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddrill, D.M., Youngerand, R.N., and Baker, R.G.: Precipitation of niobium carbide on dislocations in austenite. Acta Metall. 9, 982 (1961).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Z., Hu, Z., Tu, H., Schmauder, S., and Wu, G.: Microstructure evolution in HR3C austenitic steel during long-term creep at 650 °C. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 681, 74 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solenthaler, C., Ramesh, M., Uggowitzer, P.J., and Spolenak, R.: Precipitation strengthening of Nb-stabilized TP347 austenitic steel by a dispersion of secondary Nb(C,N) formed upon a short-term hardening heat treatment. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 647, 294 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pham, M.S. and Holdsworth, S.R.: Dynamic strain ageing of AISI 316L during cyclic loading at 300 °C: Mechanism, evolution, and its effects. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 556, 122 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rösler, J. and Arzt, E.: A new model-based equation for dispersion strengthened materials. Acta Metall. Mater. 38, 671 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kesternich, W.: Dislocation-controlled precipitation of TiC particles and their resistance to coarsening. Philos. Mag. A 52, 533 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challenger, K.D. and Moteff, J.: Characterization of the deformation substructure of AISI 316 stainless steel after high strain fatigue at elevated temperatures. Metall. Trans. 3, 1675 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bressers, J. and Steen, M.: Fatigue and microstructure in austenitic high temperature alloys. Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping 47, 217 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar