Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T17:37:12.672Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mapping the structure, composition and mechanical properties of bamboo

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2006

I.M. Low ,
Z.Y. Che  and
B.A. Latella
I.M. Low*
Affiliation:
Materials Research Group, Department of Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6845, Australia
Z.Y. Che
Affiliation:
Materials Research Group, Department of Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6845, Australia
B.A. Latella
Affiliation:
Materials Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANTSO), Menai, NSW 2234, Australia
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The structure, composition, and mechanical response of Australian bamboo were investigated. The graded structure, composition, and mechanical properties were confirmed by depth profiles obtained using synchrotron radiation diffraction and Vickers indentation. The mechanical performance of bamboo was strongly dependent on age. Results indicated that young bamboo has a higher strength, elastic stiffness, and fracture toughness than its older counterpart does. In addition, the hardness of bamboo is both load dependent and time dependent as a result of an expanding interfacial damage zone and indentation creep, respectively. In addition to fiber debonding, crack deflection and crack-bridging are the major energy dissipative processes for imparting a high toughness in bamboo.

Keywords

BiologicalCompositeHardness
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 21 , Issue 8 , August 2006 , pp. 1969 - 1976
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Liese, W.: The structure of bamboo in relation to its properties and utilization, in Proc Int. Symp. Industrial Use of Bamboo Beijing, China, (1992), pp. 95–100.Google Scholar
2.Ghavami, K.: Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete elements. Cem. Concr. Compos. 27, 637 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Nogata, F., Takahashi, H.: Intelligent functionally graded material: Bamboo. Compos. Eng. 5, 743 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Amada, S., Ichikawa, Y., Munekata, T., Nagase, Y., Shimizu, H.: Fiber texture and mechanical graded structure of bamboo. Composites Part B 28, 13 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Amada, S., Untao, S.: Fracture properties of bamboo. Composites Part B 32, 451 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Li, S.H., Zeng, Q.Y., Xiao, Y.L., Fu, S.Y., Zhou, B.L.: Biomimicry of bamboo bast fiber with engineering composite materials. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 3, 125 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Ashby, M.F.: Materials Selection in Mechanical Design (Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1992).Google Scholar
8.Wegst, U.G.K., Shercliff, H.R., Ashby, M.F.: The Structure and Properties of Bamboo as an Engineering Material (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, 1993).Google Scholar
9.Lakkad, S.C., Patel, J.M.: Mechanical properties of bamboo, a natural composite. Fibre Sci. Technol. 14, 319 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.van der Lugt, P., van den Dobbelsteen, A.A.J.F., Janssen, J.J.A.: An environmental, economic and practical assessment of bamboo as a building material for supporting structures. Constr. Building Mater. 20, 648 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Chung, K.F., Yu, W.K.: Mechanical properties of structural bamboo for bamboo scaffoldings. Eng. Struct. 24, 429 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Yu, W.K., Chung, K.F., Chan, S.L.: Axial buckling of bamboo columns in bamboo scaffolds. Eng. Struct. 27, 61 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Yao, W., Li, Z.: Flexural behavior of bamboo-fiber-reinforced mortar laminates. Cem. Concr. Res. 33, 15 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Coutts, R.S.P., Ni, Y.: Autoclaved bamboo pulp fibre reinforced cement. Cem. Concr. Compos. 17, 99 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Ghavami, K.: Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete elements. Cem. Concr. Compos. 27, 637 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Ghavami, K.: Ultimate load behaviour of bamboo reinforced lightweight concrete beams. Cem. Concr. Compos. 17, 281 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Ismail, H., Shuhelmy, S., Edyham, M.R.: The effects of a silane coupling agent on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of bamboo fibre filled natural rubber composites. Eur. Polym. J. 38, 39 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Ismail, H., Edyham, M.R., Rirjosentono, B.: Bamboo fiber filled natural rubber composites: The effects of filler loading and bonding agent. Polym. Test. 21, 139 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Chen, X., Guo, Q., Mi, Y.: Bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites: A study of the mechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 69, 1891 (1998).3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Thwe, M.M., Liao, K.: Environmental effects on bamboo–glass/polypropylene hybrid composites. J. Mater. Sci. 38, 363 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Thwe, M.M., Liao, K.: Effects of environmental aging on the mechanical properties of bamboo–glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites. Composites A 33, 43 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Shin, F.G., Yipp, M.W.: Analysis of the mechanical properties and microstructure of bamboo-epoxy composites. J. Mater. Sci. 3483, 24 (1989).Google Scholar
23.Jain, S., Kumar, R., Jindal, U.C.: Development and fracture mechanism of the bamboo/polyester resin composite. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 12, 558 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Li, S.H., Fu, S.Y., Zhou, B.L., Zeng, Q.Y., Bao, X.R.: Reformed bamboo and reformed bamboo/aluminium composite. J. Mater. Sci. 29, 5990 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Lo, T.Y., Cui, H.Z., Leung, H.C.: The effect of fiber density on strength capacity of bamboo. Mater. Lett. 58, 2595 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Sekhar, A.C., Bhartari, R.K.: Studies of strength of bamboo. A note on its mechanical behaviour. Ind. For. 86, 296 (1960).Google Scholar
27.Sekhar, A.C., Rawat, B.S., Bhartari, R.K.: Strength of bamboos. Bambusa nutans. Ind. For. 88, 67 (1962).Google Scholar
28.Lim, G., Parrish, W., Ortish, C., Belletto, M., Hart, M.: Grazing incidence synchrotron diffraction method for analyzing thin films. J. Mater. Res. 2, 471 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Low, I.M.: Depth-profiling of crystal structure, texture and microhardness in a functionally-graded tooth enamel. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87, 2125 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Barry, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, 333 (1936).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Low, I.M.: Effects of load and time on the hardness of a viscoelastic polymer. Mater. Res. Bull. 33, 1753 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Atkins, A.G., Mai, Y.W.: Elastic and Plastic Fracture (Ellis Horwood/John Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1988).Google Scholar
33.Latella, B.A., Short, K.T.: Tension-driven cracking of an expanded austenite layer. J. Mater. Sci. 39, 4321 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Low, I.M.: Vickers contact damage in micro-layered Ti3SiC2. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 18, 709 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Rowles, M., Lawrence, D., Low, I.M., Schmidt, P., and Lane, J.: Indentation responses and failure micromechanisms of cellulose-fibre-mylar/reinforced epoxy laminates, in Proc. Int. Workshop on Fracture Mechanics & Advanced Engineering Materials, edited by Ye, L. and Mai, Y.W. (Sydney University Press, Sydney, Australia), pp. 343–350.Google Scholar
36.Lawrence, D., Paglia, G., and Low, I.M.: Indentation responses and damage of polymeric composites, in Proc. Structural Integrity and Fracture 2000, edited by Heness, G. (University of Technology, Syndey, Australia) pp. 119–127 (2000).Google Scholar
37.Low, I.M., McGrath, M., Lawrence, D., Schmidt, P., Lane, J., Latella, B.A.: Mechanical and fracture properties of cellulose fibre reinforced epoxy laminates (in press).Google Scholar
38.Ji, B., Gao, H.: Mechanical properties of nanostructure of biological materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52, 1963 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Tang, Z., Kotov, N.A., Magonov, S., Ozturk, B.: Nanostructured artificial nacre. Nat. Mater. 2, 413 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed