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Compositional and microstructural evolution during annealing of Terfenol-D nanoparticulate films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2011

James Ma ,
Michael F. Becker ,
John W. Keto  and
Desiderio Kovar
James Ma
Affiliation:
Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731
Michael F. Becker
Affiliation:
Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731; and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731
John W. Keto
Affiliation:
Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731; and Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731
Desiderio Kovar*
Affiliation:
Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731; and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731
*
b)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Although highly magnetostrictive thin films of Terfenol-D have been produced by a variety of methods, high-quality thick films have proved to be far more challenging to produce. To date, thick film processes have resulted in nanoparticulate films that contain significant porosity that reduces stiffness and results in oxidation and poor magnetostrictive performance. With the goal of understanding microstructural and compositional factors that affect performance, nanoparticulate Terfenol-D thick films were produced by laser ablation of microparticle aerosols combined with supersonic impaction. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photon spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements were performed on nanoparticles and on films as-deposited and after annealing in vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere. These measurements show that segregation occurs during oxidation of the films, prior to annealing, and results in films with poor magnetostriction. The segregation persists during annealing with no visible changes to the morphology or density of the nanoparticulate films exposed to temperatures as high as 800 °C. These results suggest that oxidation and segregation must be avoided to produce highly magnetostrictive thick films.

Keywords

Magnetic propertiesFilmAnnealing
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 26 , Issue 20 , 28 October 2011 , pp. 2672 - 2681
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

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