Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T17:18:05.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of applied strain on pileup morphology during quasi-static and dynamic nanoindentation of cyclic olefin copolymers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2015

Nannan Tian
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2045, USA
David F. Bahr*
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2045, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The local micromechanical properties of two cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) under an applied strain were measured using quasi-static (QS) and dynamic nanoindentation. Samples were prepared by compression molding and tested at five various applied strain levels, leading to a variation in pileup around the residual indentation impression. The variation in the resulting pileup morphology and the subsequent perceived changes in modulus and hardness as a function of applied strain was quantified for these COCs. The perceived mechanical properties determined using both QS and dynamic tests were influenced by the relative out of plane deformation, and as such provide a method to map local variations in residual stresses and strains without the need to measure residual impression pileup for each indentation. The dynamically measured properties appear to provide a more consistent correlation with both the applied strain and pile up behavior around the indents than the modulus and hardness determined from QS nanoindentation.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Linda S. Schadler

References

REFERENCES

Rivers, B.P., Bolden, G.D., and Grah, M.D.: Packaging film and method of decreasing scalping of polar cyclic compounds. U.S. Patent Application No 20090208685, August 20, 2009.Google Scholar
Khanarian, G. and Celanese, H.: Optical properties of cyclic olefin copolymers. Opt. Eng. 40(6), 1024 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shin, J., Park, J., Liu, C., He, J., and Kim, S.: Chemical structure and physical properties of cyclic olefin copolymers—(IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl. Chem. 77(5), 801 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, C., Yu, J., Sun, X., Zhang, J., and He, J.: Thermal degradation studies of cyclic olefin copolymers. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 81(2), 197 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, S., Das, T., Yue, C., and Hu, X.: Transparent cyclic olefin copolymer/silica nanocomposites. Polym. Int. 63(2), 327 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, S., Adams, D., Bahr, D., and Moody, N.: Deformation and fracture of a mudflat-cracked laser-fabricated oxide on Ti. J. Mater. Sci. 48(11), 4050 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeppner, R., Bahr, D., Jin, H., Goeke, R., Moody, N., and Prasad, S.: Wear behavior of Au-ZnO nanocomposite films for electrical contacts. J. Mater. Sci. 49(17), 6039 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemecek, J.: Creep effects in nanoindentation of hydrated phases of cement pastes. Mater. Charact. 60(9), 1028 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constantinides, G., Ulm, F., and Van Vliet, K.: On the use of nanoindentation for cementitious materials. Mater. Struct. 36(257), 191 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebenstein, D. and Pruitt, L.: Nanoindentation of biological materials. Nano Today 1(3), 26 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, W. and Pharr, G.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19(1), 3 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S. and Kalfon-Cohen, E.: Dynamic nanoindentation by instrumented nanoindentation and force microscopy: A comparative review. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 4, 815 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferry, J.D.: Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers (John Wiley & Sons, New York NY, 1961).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, C., Keryvin, V., Sangleboeuf, J.C., and Rouxel, T.: Indentation creep of window glass around glass transition. Mech. Mater. 42(2), 196206 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mencik, J., He, L.H., and Swain, M.V.: Determination of viscoelastic-plastic material parameters of biomaterials by instrumented indentation. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2(4), 318325 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stan, F. and Fetecau, C.: Characterization of viscoelastic properties of molybdenum disulphide filled polyamide by indentation. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 17(2), 205221 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyen, M.L.: Analytical techniques for indentation of viscoelastic materials. Philos. Mag. 86(33–35), 56255641 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuya, P.A. and Patel, N.G.: Analytical model for nanoscale viscoelastic properties characterization using dynamic nanoindentation. Philos. Mag. 94(22), 25052519 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, Y. and Cheng, C.: Scaling, dimensional analysis, and indentation measurements. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 44(4–5), 91 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyen, M. and Cook, R.: Load-displacement behavior during sharp indentation of viscous-elastic-plastic materials. J. Mater. Res. 18(1), 139 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbert, E., Oliver, W., and Pharr, G.: Nanoindentation and the dynamic characterization of viscoelastic solids. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41(7), 074021 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, C. and Dauskardt, R.: Role of molecular weight on the mechanical device properties of organic polymer solar cells. Macromolecules 47(3), 11171121 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kralik, V. and Nemecek, J.: Comparison of nanoindentation techniques for local mechanical quantification of aluminium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 618, 118128 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suresh, S. and Giannakopoulos, A.: A new method for estimating residual stresses by instrumented sharp indentation. Acta Mater. 46(16), 5755 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pharr, G. and Oliver, W.: Measurement of thin-film mechanical-properties using nanoindentation. MRS Bull. 17(7), 28 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, Z., Riester, L., Curtin, W., Li, H., Sheldon, B., Liang, J., Chang, B., and Xu, J.: Direct observation of toughening mechanisms in carbon nanotube ceramic matrix composites. Acta Mater. 52(4), 931 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsui, T., Oliver, W., and Pharr, G.: Influences of stress on the measurement of mechanical properties using nanoindentation: Part I. Experimental studies in an aluminum alloy. J. Mater. Res. 11(3), 752 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Z. and Li, X.: Estimation of residual stresses from elastic recovery of nanoindentation. Philos. Mag. 86(19), 2835 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Y.H. and Kwon, D.: Estimation of biaxial surface stress by instrumented indentation with sharp indenters. Acta Mater. 52(6), 1555 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Z.H. and Li, X.D.: Influence of equi-biaxial residual stress on unloading behaviour of nanoindentation. Acta Mater. 53(7), 1913 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beegan, D., Chowdhury, S., and Laugier, M.: A nanoindentation study of copper films on oxidised silicon substrates. Surf. Coat. Technol. 176(1), 124 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolshakov, A. and Pharr, G.: Influences of pileup on the measurement of mechanical properties by load and depth sensing indentation techniques. J. Mater. Res. 13(4), 1049 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7(6), 1564 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kese, K., Li, Z., and Bergman, B.: Method to account for true contact area in soda-lime glass during nanoindentation with the Berkovich tip. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 404(1–2), 1 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeon Corporation: Specialty Plastics Division, Report no. B1011EV1 and no. D1013EV1. (ZEON Coporation, 1-6-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, Japan, 2006).Google Scholar
TI 950 TriboIndenter Users Manual (Revision 9.2.1211) (Hysitron Inc., Minneapolis, 2011).Google Scholar
Tranchida, D., Piccarolo, S., Loos, J., and Alexeev, A.: Mechanical characterization of polymers on a nanometer scale through nanoindentation. A study on pile-up and viscoelasticity. Macromolecules 40(4), 1259 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassavetis, S., Mitsakakis, K., and Logothetidis, S.: Nanoscale patterning and deformation of soft matter by scanning probe microscopy. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 27(5–8), 1456 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grunlan, J.C., Xia, X.Y., Rowenhorst, D., and Gerberich, W.W.: Preparation and evaluation of tungsten tips relative to diamond for nanoindentation of soft materials. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72(6), 2804 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, B.N., Oliver, W.C., and Ramamurthy, A.C.: Spatially resolved mechanical properties of a "TPO" using a frequency specific depth-sensing indentation technique, ANTEC Conference Proceedings 3, Society of Plastics Engineers, Brookfield, CT, 1997, p. 3445.Google Scholar
Adhihetty, I., Hay, J., Chen, W., and Padmanabhan, P.: Thin film mechanical properties through nanoindentation. In Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology, Vol. 522, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998; p. 317.Google Scholar
Kamran, Y. and Larsson, P.L.: Second-order effects at microindentation of elastic polymers using sharp indenters. Mater. Des. 32(6), 3645 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochstetter, G., Jimenez, A., and Loubet, J.: Strain-rate effects on hardness of glassy polymers in the nanoscale range. Comparison between quasi-static and continuous stiffness measurements. J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Phys 38(5–6), 681 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rettler, E., Kranenburg, J.M., Hoeppener, S., Hoogenboom, R., and Schubert, U.S.: Verification of selected key assumptions for the analysis of depth-sensing indentation data. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 298(1), 78 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar