Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T22:50:01.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A catalytic depolymerization of ultrahard fullerite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2015

Mikhail Popov*
Affiliation:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
Mikhail Alekseev
Affiliation:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
Alexey Kirichenko
Affiliation:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation
Boris Kulnitskiy
Affiliation:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
Igor Perezhogin
Affiliation:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation; and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
Elizaveta Tyukalova
Affiliation:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
Vladimir Blank
Affiliation:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A catalytic depolymerization (a reversible polymerization) of 3D-polymerized C60 phases (including an ultrahard fullerite phase) takes place in the presence of sulfur under the conditions of a large plastic deformation at room temperature. The sulfur atoms remain in the samples of 3D C60 polymers after catalytic synthesis using carbon disulfide (CS2) as a catalyst (the presence of sulfur has a considerable impact on the 3D C60 polymerization by decreasing the polymerization pressure). Raman, infrared, and transmission electron microscope studies show that the depolymerized fullerite samples have a structure typical for dimers, 1D and 2D C60 polymers. The 3D C60 samples with some remaining sulfur can be quenched under ambient conditions if the samples have not undergone a large plastic deformation. There is no depolymerization for pure C60 3D-polymerized phases synthesized without a sulfur-based catalyst.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Mauricio Terrones

References

REFERENCES

Blank, V., Popov, M., Buga, S., Davydov, V., Agafonov, V., Ceolin, R., Szwarc, H., and Rassat, A.: Is C60 fullerite harder than diamond? Phys. Lett. A 188, 281 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popov, M., Mordkovich, V., Perfilov, S., Kirichenko, A., Kulnitskiy, B., Perezhogin, I., and Blank, V.: Synthesis of ultrahard fullerite with a catalytic 3D polymerization reaction of C60. Carbon 76, 250 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, M., Cui, W., Xiao, J., Chen, S., Cui, J., Liu, R., Cui, T., Zou, B., Liu, B., and Sundqvist, B.: Pressure-induced transformation and superhard phase in fullerenes: The effect of solvent intercalation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(1), 071913 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L., Liu, B., Li, H., Yang, W., Ding, Y., Sinogeikin, S.V., Meng, Y., Liu, Z., Zeng, X.C., and Mao, W.L.: Long-range ordered carbon clusters: A crystalline material with amorphous building blocks. Science 337, 825 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Popov, M., Koga, Y., Fujiwara, S., Mavrin, B., and Blank, V.D.: Carbon nanocluster-based superhard materials. New Diamond Front. Carbon Technol. 12, 229 (2002).Google Scholar
Popov, M., Kulnitskiy, B., and Blank, V.: Superhard materials based on fullerenes and nanotubes. In Comprehensive Hard Materials, Sarin, V.K. and Nebel, C.E. eds.; Elsevier. 2014; pp. 515538. 1800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talyzin, A.: New fullerene materials obtained in solution and by high pressure high temperature treatment. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Inorganic Chemistry, Uppsala University. 2001; p. 54.Google Scholar
Yoo, C.S. and Nellis, W.J.: Phase transition from C60 molecules to strongly interacting C60 agglomerates at hydrostatic high pressures. Chem. Phys. Lett. 198, 379 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinstein, B.A. and Zallen, R.: Pressure-Raman effects in covalent and molecular solids. In Light Scattering in Solids, Vol. IV, Guntherodt, M.C.a.G. ed.; Springer: Berlin. 1984; pp. 543.Google Scholar
Popov, M., Kyotani, M., and Koga, Y.: Superhard phase of single wall carbon nanotube: Comparison with fullerite C60 and diamond. Diamond Relat. Mater. 12, 833 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, V., Popov, M., Lvova, N., Gogolinsky, K., and Reshetov, V.: Nano-sclerometry measurements of superhard materials and diamond hardness using scanning force microscope with ultrahard fullerite C60 tip. J. Mater. Res. 12, 3109 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, V., Popov, M., Pivovarov, G., Lvova, N., Gogolinsky, K., and Reshetov, V.: Ultrahard and superhard phases of fullerite C60: Comparison with diamond on hardness and wear. Diamond Relat. Mater. 7, 427 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brookes, C.A. and Zhang, L.Y.: Cumulative deformation and fatigue of diamond - new developments. Diamond Relat. Mater. 8, 1515 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mao, H.K., Bell, P.M., Dunn, K.J., Chrenko, R.M., and DeVries, R.C.: Absolute pressure measurements and analysis of diamonds subjected to maximum static pressures of 1.3-1.7 Mbar. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 50, 1002 (1979).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Popov, M.: Stress-induced phase transition in diamond. High Pressure Res. 30, 670 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, V., Popov, M., Buga, S., Davydov, V., Agafonov, V., Ceolin, R., Szwarc, H., and Rassat, A.: Is C60 fullerite harder than diamond? Phys. Lett. A 188, 281 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, V.D., Buga, S.G., Dubitsky, G.A., Serebryanaya, N.R., Popov, M.Y., and Sundqvist, B.: High-pressure polymerized phases of C60. Carbon 36, 319 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, V.D., Zhigalina, O.M., Kulnitskiy, B.A., and Tat’yanin, E.V.: Distortion of an fcc-structure upon thermobaric treatment of C60. Crystallogr. Rep. 42(4), 588 (1997).Google Scholar
Blank, V.D., Kulnitskiy, B.A., Dubitsky, G.A., and Alexandrou, I.: Structure of C60-phases, formed by thermobaric treatment: HREM studies. Fullerenes, Nanotubes, Carbon Nanostruct. 13, 167 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, M., Li, Z., Men, Z., Gao, S., Li, Z., Lu, G., and Sun, C.: Carbon disulfide assisted polymerization of benzene. J. Phys. Chem. B 116, 24142419 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wood, R.A., Lewis, M.H., Bennington, S.M., Cain, M.G., Kitamura, N., and Fukumi, A.K.: In situ x-ray diffraction studies of three-dimensional C60 polymers. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, 11615 (2002).Google Scholar
Blank, V.D. and Zerr, A.J.: Optical chamber with diamond anvils for shear deformation of substances at pressures up to 96 GPa. High Pressure Res. 8(4), 567 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popov, M.: Pressure measurements from Raman spectra of stressed diamond anvils. J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5509 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moret, R., Launois, P., Wagberg, T., Sundqvist, B., Agafonov, V., Davydov, V.A., and Rakhmanina, A.V.: Single-crystal structural study of the pressure-temperature-induced dimerization of C60. Eur. Phys. J. B 37, 25 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundqvist, B.: Mapping intermolecular bonding in C60. Sci. Rep. 4, 6171 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, A.M., Eklund, P.C., Hodeau, J-L., Marques, L., and Nunez-Regueiro, M.: Infrared and Raman studies of pressure-polymerized C60. Phys. Rev. B 55, 4766 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyazawa, K., Satsuki, H., Kuwabara, M., and Akaishi, M.: Microstructural analysis of high-pressure compressed C60. J. Mater. Res. 16, 1960 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyazawa, K., Akaishi, M., Kuwasaki, Y., and Suga, T.: Characterizing high-pressure compressed C60 whiskers and C60 powder. J. Mater. Res. 18, 166 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar