Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T23:29:21.904Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Organizational control: Restrictive or productive?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2015

Hannele Seeck
Affiliation:
University of Helsinki, Senior Researcher, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
Anu Kantola
Affiliation:
Academy of Finland, Department of Communication, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Abstract

Organizational control is conventionally – from a critical stance – viewed as a negative and restrictive phenomenon, which in one way or another subjugates workers. In this theoretical paper, we argue that organizational control is often based on a particular understanding of power; an understanding that views power as repressive, equating it with domination and subjugation while paying little attention to its productive function. We question what the implications for understanding organizational control would be if we were also to see power as productive. We contend that the Foucauldian notions of pastoral power, disciplinary power, and governmentality can be used together through the concept of regime of practices to enrich our understanding of the workings of organizational control. We thus delineate an analytical framework for the study of organizational control based on an open-ended investigation of the regimes of control in local settings.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abel, CF (2005) Beyond the mainstream: Foucault, power and organisation theory, International Journal of Organization Theory and Behaviour 8(4): 495519.Google Scholar
Allen, B (1998) Foucault and modern political philosophy, in Moss, J (Ed.), The Later Foucault, pp. 164198, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Alvesson, M (2004) Knowledge Work and Knowledge-Intensive Firms, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Alvesson, M and Willmott, H (2002). Identity regulation as organizational control: Producing the appropriate individual, Journal of Management Studies 39(5): 619642.Google Scholar
Barker, JR (1993) Tightening the iron cage: Concertive control in self-managing teams, Administrative Science Quarterly 38(3): 408437.Google Scholar
Barley, SR and Kunda, G (1992) Design and devotion: Surges of rational and normative ideologies of control in managerial discourse, Administrative Science Quarterly 37(3): 363399.Google Scholar
Barnett, N (2002) Including ourselves: New Labour and engagement with public services, Management Decision 40(4): 310317.Google Scholar
Barry, A, Osborne, T and Rose, N (Eds) (1996) Foucault and Political Reason. Liberalism, neo-librealism and rationalities of government, UCL Press, London.Google Scholar
Braverman, H (1974) Labor and Monopoly Capital. The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century, Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Braverman, H (1998) Labor and Monopoly Capital. The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (25th edition), Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Burchell, G (1993) Liberal government and techniques of the self, Economy and Society 22(3): 267283.Google Scholar
Burchell, G, Gordon, C and Miller, P (Eds) (1991) The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governmentality, Harvester Wheatsheaf, London.Google Scholar
Burrell, G (1988) Modernism, post modernism and organizational analysis 2: The contribution on Michel Foucault, Organization Studies 9(2): 221235.Google Scholar
Burrell, G (1998) Modernism, postmodernism and organizational analysis, in McKinlay, A and Starkey, K (Eds) Foucault, Management and Organization Theory: from Panopticon to Technologies of Self, pp. 1428,Google Scholar
Carter, C, McKinlay, A and Rowlinson, M (2002) Introduction: Foucault, Management and History, Organization 9(4): 515526.Google Scholar
Clarke, J and Newman, J (1997) The Managerial State, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Clegg, S (1989) Frameworks of Power. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Clegg, S (1990) Modern organizations, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Clegg, S (1994) Power relations and the constitution of the resistant subject in Jermier, JM, Knights, D and Nord, WR (Eds) Resistance and Power in Organisations, pp. 274325, Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Clegg, S (2006) Why is organization theory so ignorant? The neglect of total institutions. Journal of Management Inquiry 15(4) 426430.Google Scholar
Clegg, S, Courpasson, D and Phillips, N (2006) Power and Organizations, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Clegg, S, Pitsis, TS, Rura-Polley, T and Marosszeky, M (2002) Governmentality matters: Designing an alliance culture of inter-organizational collaboration for managing projects, Organization Studies 23(3): 317337.Google Scholar
Collinson, D (1993) Strategies of resistance: Power, knowledge and subjectivity in the workplace, in Jermier, JM, Knights, D and Nord, WR (Eds) Resistance and Power in Organisations, pp. 2568, Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Collinson, D (2003) Identities and insecurities: Selves at work, Organization 10(3): 527547.Google Scholar
Courpasson, D (2000) Managerial strategies of domination: Power in soft bureaucracies, Organization Studies 21: 141161.Google Scholar
Courpasson, D (2006) Soft Constraint: Liberal Organizations and Domination. Copenhagen Business School Press, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Daudi, P (1986) Power in the Organisation, Basil Blackwell, Oxford,Google Scholar
Dean, M (1999) Governmentality. Power and Rule in Modern Society, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Dean, M and Hindess, B (Eds) (1998) Governing Australia. Studies in Contemporary Rationalities of Government, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Deetz, S (1992) Disciplinary power in the modern corporation, in Alvesson, M and Willmott, H (Eds) Critical Management Studies, pp. 2145, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Deetz, S (1998) Discursive formations, strategized subordination and self-surveillance, in McKinlay, A and Starkey, K (Eds) Foucault, Management and Organization Theory: From Panopticon to Technologies of Self, pp. 151172, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Edwards, R (1979) Contested Terrain. The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century, Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
Ericsson, RV (Ed.) (2000) Governing Modern Societies, Toronto University Press, Toronto.Google Scholar
Ezzamel, M and Willmott, H (1998) Accounting for teamwork: A critical study of group-based systems of organizational control, Administrative Science Quarterly 43: 358396.Google Scholar
Follett, MP (1941) Dynamic Administration. The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett (Edited by Metcalf, H & Urwick, L), Harper & Brothers, New York.Google Scholar
Follett, MP (1949) Freedom & Co-ordination. Lectures in Business Organization (Edited by Urwick, L), Management Publications Trust, London.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Penguin Books, London.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected interviews and other Writings 1972-1977 (Edited by Gordon, C), Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hertfordshire.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1981) The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1, Allen Lane, London.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1982a) The Archaeology of Knowledge, and Discourse of Language (trans. Sheridan Smith, AM). Pantheon Books, New York.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1982b) The Subject and power, in Dreyfus, HL and Rabinow, P (Eds), Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, Chicago University Press, Chicago IL.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1988) ‘Technologies of the self’, in Martin, L, Gutman, H and Hutton, P (Eds), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, pp. 1649, Tavistock, London.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1991a) Governmentality, in Burchell, G, Gordon, C and Miller, P (Eds) The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governmentality, pp. 87104, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1991b) The Use of Pleasure (trans. Hurley, R), Penguin, Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1997) Essential Works of Foucault 1954– 1984, Volume 1; Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (Edited by Rabinow, P), The New Press, New York.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1998a) Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984, Volume 2; Aesthetics: Method and Epistemology (Edited by Faubion, D), The New Press, New York.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (1998b) Seksuaalisuuden Historia: Tiedontahto; Nautintojen Käyttö; Huoli Itsestä (trans. Sivenius, K), Gaudeamus, Helsinki.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (2000) Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984, Volume 3; Power (Edited by Faubion, D), The New Press, New York.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (2003) Society must be defended, Lectures at the Collège de France 1975-1976, Penguin Books, London.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (2004a) Sécurite, Territoire, Population. Cours au Collège de France 1977-1978, Gallimard Seuil, Paris.Google Scholar
Foucault, M (2004b) Naissance de la biopolitique. Cours au Collège de France 1978-1979, Gallimard Seuil, Paris.Google Scholar
Fournier, V and Grey, C (2000) At the critical moment: Conditions and prospects for critical management studies, Human Rebtions 52(2): 179203.Google Scholar
Gupta, AK and Govindarajan, V (1991) Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational firms, Academy of Management Review 16: 768792.Google Scholar
Hatch, MJ (1997) Organization Theory. Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Heckscher, C (1994) Defining the post-bureaucratic type, in Heckscher, C and Donellon, A (Eds) The Post-bureaucratic Organization. New Perspectives on Organizational Change, pp. 2462, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Henderson, JC and Lee, S (1992) Managing I/S design teams: A control theories perspective, Management Science 38(6): 757777.Google Scholar
Hetherington, K (1997) The Badlands of Modernity. Heterotopia and social ordering. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Hindess, B (1996a) Liberalism, socialism and democracy: Variations on a governmental theme, in Barry, A, Osborne, T and Rose, N (Eds) Foucault and Political Reason. Liberalism, neo-liberalism and rationalities of government, pp. 210226, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hindess, B (1996b) Discourses of Power, From Hobbes to Foucault, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.Google Scholar
Hochschild, AR (1983) The Managed Heart, University of California Press, Berkeley CA.Google Scholar
Hodgson, DE (2004) Project Work: The legacy of Bureaucratic Control in the Post-Bureaucratic Organization, Organization 11(1), 81100.Google Scholar
Huhtala, HMJ (2004) The Emancipated Worker? A Foucauldian Study of Power, Subjectivity and Organising in the Information Age, The Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters: Comment-ationes Scientiarum Socialicum 64, Helsinki.Google Scholar
Huhtala, H, Ketola, T and Parzefall, M-R (2006) Bureaucracy and Innovative Organizations. Contrasting the Finnish Mobile Content Companies with Weber's 15 Tendencies of Bureaucracy, >ANZAM conference in Australia 6th–9th December 2006.ANZAM+conference+in+Australia+6th–9th+December+2006.>Google Scholar
Ibarra-Colado, E, Clegg, SR, Rhodes, C and Kornberger, M (2006) The ethics of managerial subjectivity. Journal of Business Ethics 64(1) 4555.Google Scholar
Jermier, JM, Knights, D and Nord, WR (Eds) (1994) Resistance and Power in Organisations, Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Jermier, JM and Clegg, SR (1994) Critical issues in organization science: A dialogue. Organization Science 5(1) 113.Google Scholar
Kantola, A (2002) Markkinakuri ja managerivalta. Poliittinen hallinta Suomen 1990-luvun talouskriisissä, Loki, Helsinki.Google Scholar
Knights, D and McGabe, D (2003) Governing through teamwork: Reconstituting subjectivity in a call centre, Journal of Management Studies 40(7): 15871619.Google Scholar
Knights, D and Willmott, H (1989) Power and subjectivity at work: From degradation to subjugation in social relations, Sociology 23(4): 535558.Google Scholar
Knights, D and Willmott, H (1999) Management Lives: Power and Identity in Work Organizations, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Kärreman, D and Alvesson, M (2004) Cages in tandem: Management control, social identity, and identification in a knowledge-intentive firm, Organization 11(1): 149175.Google Scholar
Lacombe, D (1996) Reforming Foucault: a critique of the social control thesis. The British Journal of Sociology, 47(2): 332352.Google Scholar
Longstreth, FH (1990) Historical political economy and liberal democratic capitalism, Economy and Society 19(1): 95120.Google Scholar
Marx, K (1884) Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1884 (6th edn), Progress Publishers, Moscow.Google Scholar
Marx, K (1976) Capital (Vol. 1), Penguin, Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Marx, K (1995) Capital – an abridged edition (edited with an introduction and notes by McLelland, D), Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Miller, P and O'Leary, T (1987) Accounting and the constructing of the governable person, Accounting, Organization and Society 12(3): 325–265.Google Scholar
Miller, P and Rose, N (1990) Governing economic life, Economy and Society 19(1): 531.Google Scholar
Miller, P and Rose, N (1995) Production, identity and productivity, Theory and Society 24(3): 427467.Google Scholar
Neu, D (2006) Accounting for public space, Accounting, Organizations and Society 31(4–5): 391414.Google Scholar
Newton, T (1998) Theorizing subjectivity in organisations: the failure of Foucauldian studies? Organization Studies 19(3): 415447.Google Scholar
Ouchi, WG (1977) The Relationship between organizational structure and organizational control, Administrative Science Quarterly 22: 95113.Google Scholar
Ouchi, WG (1979) A conceptual framework for the design of organizational control mechanisms, Management Science 25(9): 833848.Google Scholar
Ouchi, WG and Johnson, JB (1978) Types of organizational control and their relationship to emotional well being, Administrative Science Quarterly 23(2): 293317.Google Scholar
Ouchi, WG and Maguire, MA (1975) Organization control: two functions, Administrative Science Quarterly 20: 559–69.Google Scholar
Quist, J, Skålen, P and Clegg, SR (2007) The Power of quality models: The example of the SIQ model for performance excellence. Scandinavian Journal of Management 23(4), 445462.Google Scholar
Reed, MI (1996) Expert power and control in late modernity: An empirical review and theoretical synthesis. Organization Studies 17(4) 573597.Google Scholar
Robertson, M and Swan, J (2004) Going public: The emergence and effects of soft bureaucracy within a knowledge-intensive firm, Organization 11(1): 123148.Google Scholar
Rose, N (1989) Governing the Soul: the Shaping of the Private Self, Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Rose, N (1992) Governing the enterprising self, in Heelas, P and Morris, P (Eds) The values of the enterprise culture: the moral debate, Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Rose, N (1993) Government, authority and expertise in advanced liberalism, Economy and Society 22(3): 283300.Google Scholar
Rose, N (1996) Governing ‘advanced’ liberal democracies, in Barry, A, Osborne, T and Rose, N (Eds) Foucault and Political Reason, Liberalism, neo-liberalism and rationalities of government, pp. 3764, UCL Press, London.Google Scholar
Rose, N (1999a) Governing the Soul: the Shaping of the Private Self (2nd edn), Free Association Books, London.Google Scholar
Rose, N (1999b) Powers of Freedom. Reframing Political Thought, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rose, N (2000) Governing liberty, in Ericsson, R (ed.) Governing Modern Societies, pp. 141176, Toronto University press, Toronto.Google Scholar
Saint-Martin, D (2000) Building the New Manager-ialist State, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Sennett, R (2006) The Culture of the New Capitalism, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.Google Scholar
Sewell, G and Wilkinson, B (1992) ‘Someone to Watch Over Me’: Surveillance, discipline and the just-intime labour process, Sociology 26(2): 271289.Google Scholar
Sewell, G (1998) The discipline of teams: The control of team-based industrial work through electronic and peer surveillance, Administrative Science Quarterly 43: 397428.Google Scholar
Thrift, N (2006) Knowing Capitalism, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Townley, B (1994) Reframing Human Resources Management: Power, ethics and the Subject at Work, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Townley, B (1998) Beyond good and evil: depth and division in management of human resources, in McKinlay, A and Starkey, K (Eds) Foucault, Management and Organization Theory: from Panopticon to Technologies of Self, pp. 191210, Sage, London.Google Scholar
Townley, B (2005) Discussion of Roberts, controlling Foucault, Organization 12(5): 634648.Google Scholar
Weber, M (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, translated by Parsons, T and Henderson, AM with an introduction by Parsons T. Free Press, New York.Google Scholar
Weber, M (1978) Economy and society: An outline of interpretative sociology (2 vols, ed. by Roth, G and Wittich, C), University of California Press, Berkeley CA.Google Scholar