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On the status of an implicit arguments in middles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 1999

SEIZI IWATA
SEIZI IWATA
Affiliation:
Gifu University
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Abstract

Massam (1992), challenging the view that the presence of an implicit argument is essential to middles, argues that middles should be defined in terms of genericity and modality. This paper shows that Massam's hypothesis is factually untenable. Genericity and modality are only typical, not essential, properties of middles. Furthermore, middles in Massam's conception do not form a natural class with middles as normally understood. Rather, the presence of an implicit argument is a defining characteristic, as is widely accepted.

It is further shown that in order to handle an implicit argument properly, middles need to be represented by conceptual structure in the sense of Jackendoff (1987a, 1987b, 1990). The proposed analysis of middle by means of conceptual structure accommodates even the implicit argument of middles that express specific events.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Linguistics , Volume 35 , Issue 3 , November 1999 , pp. 527 - 553
Copyright
1999 Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

I'd like to express my gratitude to William Lee, Lynne Roecklein and John Russell, who helped me a great deal with their insightful observations. I'm also grateful to two anonymous referees of Journal of Linguistics for their comments, which led to a significant improvement of this paper. Thanks again to Lynne Roecklein for suggesting stylistic improvements.