Transcranial attenuation for bone conduction as a function of frequency (0.25 to 4 kHz.) was measured on a group of unilaterally deaf (n 15) and a group of normal (n = 35) ears. The results indicate a positive mean attenuation for all frequencies with a peak value of 13 db. for both groups at 2 kHz. Inter-subject variability was extremely large. This is considered to be a result of variability in skull bone thickness.

Diminution of vision arising from head injuries involving the optic foramen can be treated by transethmoidal decompression of the optic froamen can be treated by transethomidal decompression of the optic nerve. Early surgery is associated with good recovery of function. In this paper, the surgical procedure is discussed, with the results in 10 cases.

There are various sources of tinnitus and the generation of the tinnitus is not at all obvious except in the two cases of objective tinnitus, muscular and vascular in origin. I’d like to offer you today an attempt to explain one particular kind of tinnitus. The tinnitus I’m talking about is the one which we usually see associated with an auditory sensitivity loss and with a threshold shift. We find this typically after sound exposure, either TTS or PTS, during the attacks of fluctuant hearing loss, and in the early stages of antibiotic intoxication.

Up until fairly recently, that is maybe 10-15 years ago, our only concern was whether hair cells were present or absent. And then, of course, it was clear that absent hair cells cannot function. There was one early exception and that was the demonstration by Wuestenfeld and Spranger and by Beck and Micheler in Germany, of so-called swollen nuclei.

On the basis of clinical and histologic examination, history and epidemiologic survey of 591 patients with vocal cord polyps, the authors evaluate the morphology of the pathologic substrate, indicate possible pathogenesis and analyse the most frequent factors in the formation of polyps such as vocal abuse and unfavourable microclimate at work. Sex does not play any role in the incidence, and the histologic structure is not related to the time factor.