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Role of ecology and phylogeny in determining tapeworm assemblages in skates (Rajiformes)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2018

A. Beer Open the ORCID record for A. Beer [Opens in a new window] ,
T. Ingram Open the ORCID record for T. Ingram [Opens in a new window]  and
H.S. Randhawa Open the ORCID record for H.S. Randhawa [Opens in a new window]
A. Beer*
Affiliation:
Ecology Degree Programme, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
T. Ingram
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
H.S. Randhawa
Affiliation:
Ecology Degree Programme, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
*
Author for correspondence: A. Beer, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

An understanding of the mechanisms that determine host and parasite relationships is a central aim in parasitology. Association of a parasite species with a host species may be influenced primarily by phylogenetic constraints that cause parasite species to co-speciate with their host species, or predominantly by ecological parameters that influence all other co-evolutionary scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the role of co-speciation as well as other co-evolutionary scenarios in influencing the assemblages of tapeworm parasites (marine cestodes) in skate hosts (Rajiformes) using a modification of the PACo (Procrustean Approach to Cophylogeny) method. The study found that phylogeny and host ecology are both significant predictors of skate–tapeworm relationships, implying that co-speciation as well as other co-evolutionary scenarios are shaping these associations. The study also investigated the key ecological parameters influencing host-switching and found that host diet, distribution depth, average body size and geographical location have a combined effect. Given the importance of parasites in ensuring healthy and stable marine ecosystems, the findings of this study have implications for conservation management worldwide.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 93 , Issue 6 , November 2019 , pp. 738 - 751
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

*

Current address: Otago Museum, 419 Great King St, North Dunedin, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand

†

Current address: Directorate of Natural Resources, Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government, Bypass Road, Stanley, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ; South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ; New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, E2K 1E5

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