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Responses of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita to exogenously applied neuromodulators

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2007

E.P. Masler
E.P. Masler*
Affiliation:
Nematology Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville MD 20705, USA
*
*Fax: 301-504-5589 E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Biogenic amines regulate important behaviours in nematodes and are associated with pharyngeal activity in plant-parasitic nematodes. A robust behavioural assay based upon nematode body movements was developed to expand the study of these and other neuroregulators in plant-parasitic nematodes. Dopamine, octopamine and serotonin each had significant but differing effects on the behaviour of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Body movement frequency was increased twofold in H.glycines by 5 mM dopamine (P = 0.0001), but decreased by 50 mM dopamine in H. glycines (88%) and M. incognita (53%) (P <  0.0001). Movement frequency in both species was increased by 50–70% (P <  0.0001) by 50 mM octopamine, and 5 mM octopamine increased M. incognita movement frequency more than twofold (P <  0.0001). Movement frequency in each species was reduced by more than 90% by 5 mM serotonin (P <  0.0001). While amplitude of body movement in H. glycines was unaffected by any amine, it was significantly reduced in M.incognita by all amines (P <  0.0006). Stylet pulsing frequencies in either species were unaffected by dopamine or octopamine, but 5 mM serotonin stimulated pulsing in H. glycines by nearly 13-fold (P <  0.0001) and in M. incognita by more than 14-fold (P <  0.0001). The invertebrate neuropeptide FLRFamide (N-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe) increased M. incognita body movement frequency 45% (P = 0.02) at 1 mM but did not affect stylet activity. Finally, H. glycines egg hatch was completely suppressed by 50 mM serotonin, and partially suppressed by 50 mM dopamine (75%; P <  0.0001) and 50 mM octopamine (55%; P <  0.0001).

Type
Research Papers
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , December 2007 , pp. 421 - 427
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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Footnotes

 

Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.

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