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A Sepulchral Relief from Tarentum
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2013
Extract
The tablet which is the primary subject of the present paper, and which is depicted on the accompanying plate, has been for forty years in the British Museum, having been presented in 1845 by Mr. W. R. Hamilton, the secretary of Lord Elgin. It consists of a slab of close-grained white marble of oblong form 2 feet 9 inches in length and 1 foot 10½ inches in height in the middle where it is broadest. The right upper corner is restored. The tablet was evidently made to let into a wall; the back is rough-hewn, and at the top is a small oblong hole for a peg.
The inscription beneath the relief is obviously modern. It reads Aesculapio Tarentino Salenius Arcas, in letters which seem to date from the early part of the present century; apparently it was inserted by some person who considered the relief to represent Aesculapius, wrongly, beyond a doubt. But it is yet of some value as suggesting that the monument was found at Tarentum, and this is on all accounts probable.
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References
page 106 note 1 Gardner, , Types of Greek Coins, Pl. xi. 3, 4Google Scholar.
page 106 note 2 Ibid. Pl. v. 8, 9, 34, 35.
page 106 note 3 Ibid. Pl. vii. 3–6, 39, 40.
page 106 note 4 Journ. Hell. Stud. 1882, Pl. xxiv. p. 234.
page 106 note 5 I return to the subject under head iv, ad fin. at page 138.
page 107 note 1 Alte Denkmäler, No. 19.
page 107 note 2 Bassirilicvi, Pls. xi. xxxvi
page 108 note 1 Antiq. Figurées, pp. 85, 599.
page 108 note 2 Alte Denkmäler, pt. ii. Pl. xiii. and text.
page 108 note 3 Der Ausruhende Herakles, 1854.
page 108 note 4 Das Familienmahl auf altgriechischen Grabsteinen.
page 109 note 1 See Dumont, M.'s notes on the νεκύσια in the Révue Archéologique, N. S. vol, xx. p. 247Google Scholar. Also, Newton, , Travels and Discoveries, I. 213Google Scholar.
page 109 note 2 De operibus anaglyphis, &c.
page 110 note 1 Stephani, , Der Ausruhende Herakles, Pl. vii. 1Google Scholar.
page 111 note 1 Salinas, Monumenti Sepolcrali, Pl. iv.
page 111 note 2 Ravaisson, Le monument de Myrrhine.
page 112 note 1 Archäol. Zeitung, 1874, p. 148.
page 113 note 1 Ἐφηυ. ἀρχ Pl. 269. Welcker, Alte Denkm. ii. No. 96; Stephani, , Ausruh. Herakl. p. 81Google Scholar, &c. A cast in the British Museum.
page 113 note 2 Cf. Welcker, , Alte Denkmäler, ii. Pl. xiii. 1Google Scholar; Zoega, Bassirilievi, Pl. xxxvi.
page 113 note 3 The story of Olympias, wife of Philip, and her tame snake is well known.
page 114 note 1 As in Zoega, Bassirilievi, Pl. xi.
page 114 note 2 The epithet refers of course to the chariot, not the horse of Hades.
page 115 note 1 See Welcker, , Alte Denkmäler, ii. Pl. xiii. 2Google Scholar. The horse's head here looks like that of an ox; this can scarcely be anything but the result of defective drawing. The monument itself has disappeared.
page 115 note 2 Ibid. Pl xiii. 3.
page 115 note 3 Mittheilungen Inst. Ath., vol. ii. Pls. xvi.–xviii.
page 116 note 1 Cat. Gr. Coins in Brit. Mus. Thrace, p. 90.
page 116 note 2 Nos. 15, 16.
page 117 note 1 P. 148.
page 118 note 1 Fellows, , Lycia, p. 113Google Scholar.
page 118 note 2 Ibid. p. 197.
page 118 note 3 Such is the interpretation suggested by Michaelis, in the Ann. d. Inst. 1875Google Scholar. I believe that it has been generally accepted, and has superseded the theories which made of the group either a set of deities or mortals engaged in an every-day feast.
page 119 note 1 Pl. xxix.
page 120 note 1 Wolters, , Arch. Zeit. 1882, p. 300Google Scholar; also Dümmler, , Ann. dell' Inst. 1883, p. 192Google Scholar. They have been also found at Myrina.
page 120 note 2 Engraved also in Overbeck's, Gr. Plastik, 3rd edit. i. 85Google Scholar; Perry, p. 73; Murray, i. 94.
page 121 note 1 Mittheil. ii. p. 299.
page 122 note 1 This would seem to be the genitive of Ἑρμȃν, a variant of Ἑρμῆς. It seems to signify that the tomb was sacred to the Chthonian Hermes.
page 122 note 2 Mittheilungen, 1879, p. 160.
page 122 note 3 Published by Furtwängler, in the Mittheilungen, vol. vii. (1882) Pl. vii.Google Scholar This writer looks on the evidence furnished by the monument in the same way in which it is here accepted.
page 123 note 1 Mittheilungen, iv. (1879) Pl. ii.
page 125 note 1 Cf. Pottier's useful work Les Lécythes blancs antiques, 1884, where these monuments are fully discussed from the point of view of funeral customs as well as from that of art.
page 127 note 1 Described by Dr. Schliemann in the Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. ii.
page 127 note 2 At Mycenae, for instance.
page 127 note 3 Rayet, , in the Gazette des Beaux Arts. 1875Google Scholar.
page 128 note 1 Lucian, 519 (Charon, 22), ii. 926 (De luctu, 9). I cannot omit quoting these passages, to which my attention was drawn by the late Rector of Lincoln College. He took a kindly interest in the present paper, and during his last illness copied out for me Lucian's words in tremulous characters which evidenced alike the feebleness of his health, and the continued activity of his interest in Hellenic studies.
page 129 note 1 Sabouroff Collection, Pl. xxix.
page 129 note 2 Mittheilungen, iii. 376.
page 130 note 1 Furtwängler takes it otherwise, as the symbol of wifely love and devotion. But it is sometimes placed in the hands of virgins. Pomegranate seeds enter still into the composition of the cakes, κόλλυβα, above spoken of (p. 109).
page 131 note 1 See Mittheilungen, 1879, Pl. vii.
page 132 note 1 It is not unusual to find the head of a horse without his body, painted on late Italian vases (see Mon. dell' Inst. iv. 40). But this fact gives us no help.
page 133 note 1 See especially a stelè from Laconia in the Mittheilungen for 1882, Pl. xvi. and the remarks of Furtwängler on it at p. 367.
page 134 note 1 Exactly the same confusion is observed by M. Perrot in the Egyptian ideas as to the future life. See I' Égypte, p. 135, &c.
page 135 note 1 From Patras. Mittheilungen, viii. Pl. xviii.
page 135 note 2 Copied on a coin. Gardner, , Types of Greek Coins, Pl. xii. 21, p. 187Google Scholar.
page 135 note 3 Alte Denkm. Pl. xiii. 3.
page 136 note 1 Holländer, De Operibus, &c. plate.
page 136 note 2 Das Familienmahl, &c. plate.
page 137 note 1 See for instance, the remarkable inscription Bull. Corr. Hell. iii. 47, where Zeus Patroius appears as family god of the gens of the Clytidae.
page 137 note 2 Transactions of the R.S.L. New Series, ix. 434.
page 138 note 1 Archäol. Zeitung, 1871, p. 81.
page 138 note 2 C. I. 2448, cf. Newton, , Essays, p. 169Google Scholar.
page 140 note 1 Arch. Zeitung, 1882, p. 54. Mittheilungen, iv. 167. In the same journal viii. p. 81, Prof. Brunn speaks of the scenes on the Harpy tomb as sepulchral.
page 141 note 1 A poor engraving of it in the Annali dell' Inst. 1844, p. 150.
page 141 note 2 Mon. d. Inst. vi. 30.