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A programming model and foundation for lineage-based distributed computation

Part of: Big Data Special Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2018

PHILIPP HALLER ,
HEATHER MILLER  and
NORMEN MÜLLER
PHILIPP HALLER
Affiliation:
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden (e-mail: [email protected])
HEATHER MILLER
Affiliation:
School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA-02115, USA (e-mail: [email protected])
NORMEN MÜLLER
Affiliation:
Safeplace, DE-40667 Meerbusch, Germany
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Abstract

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The most successful systems for “big data” processing have all adopted functional APIs. We present a new programming model, we call function passing, designed to provide a more principled substrate, or middleware, upon which to build data-centric distributed systems like Spark. A key idea is to build up a persistent functional data structure representing transformations on distributed immutable data by passing well-typed serializable functions over the wire and applying them to this distributed data. Thus, the function passing model can be thought of as a persistent functional data structure that is distributed, where transformations performed on distributed data are stored in its nodes rather than the distributed data itself. One advantage of this model is that failure recovery is simplified by design – data can be recovered by replaying function applications atop immutable data loaded from stable storage. Deferred evaluation is also central to our model; by incorporating deferred evaluation into our design only at the point of initiating network communication, the function passing model remains easy to reason about while remaining efficient in time and memory. Moreover, we provide a complete formalization of the programming model in order to study the foundations of lineage-based distributed computation. In particular, we develop a theory of safe, mobile lineages based on a subject reduction theorem for a typed core language. Furthermore, we formalize a progress theorem that guarantees the finite materialization of remote, lineage-based data. Thus, the formal model may serve as a basis for further developments of the theory of data-centric distributed programming, including aspects such as fault tolerance. We provide an open-source implementation of our model in and for the Scala programming language, along with a case study of several example frameworks and end-user programs written atop this model.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Functional Programming , Volume 28 , 2018 , e7
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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