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The spatial structure of electrostatically forced Faraday waves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2022

S. Dehe Open the ORCID record for S. Dehe [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Hartmann Open the ORCID record for M. Hartmann [Opens in a new window] ,
A. Bandopadhyay Open the ORCID record for A. Bandopadhyay [Opens in a new window]  and
S. Hardt Open the ORCID record for S. Hardt [Opens in a new window]
S. Dehe
Affiliation:
Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
M. Hartmann
Affiliation:
Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
A. Bandopadhyay
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
S. Hardt*
Affiliation:
Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The instability of the interface between a dielectric and a conducting liquid, excited by a spatially homogeneous interface-normal time-periodic electric field, is studied based on experiments and theory. Special attention is paid to the spatial structure of the excited Faraday waves. The dominant modes of the instability are extracted using high-speed imaging in combination with an algorithm evaluating light refraction at the liquid–liquid interface. The influence of the liquid viscosities on the critical voltage corresponding to the onset of instability and on the dominant wavelength is studied. Overall, good agreement with theoretical predictions that are based on viscous fluids in an infinite domain is demonstrated. Depending on the relative influence of the domain boundary, the patterns exhibit either discrete modes corresponding to surface harmonics or boundary-independent patterns. The agreement between experiments and theory confirms that the electrostatically forced Faraday instability is sufficiently well understood, which may pave the way to control electrostatically driven instabilities. Last but not least, the analogies to classical Faraday instabilities may enable new approaches to study effects that have so far only been observed for mechanical forcing.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Faraday waves Instability: Parametric instability
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 939 , 25 May 2022 , A6
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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