Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-20T16:51:26.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The mechanism of detonation attenuation by a porous medium and its subsequent re-initiation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2011

MATEI I. RADULESCU  and
BRIAN McN. MAXWELL
MATEI I. RADULESCU*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1N 6N5
BRIAN McN. MAXWELL
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1N 6N5
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The attenuation and re-initiation mechanism of detonations transmitted through a porous section consisting of a two-dimensional array of staggered cylinders was investigated experimentally and numerically for acetylene–oxygen mixtures. It was found that the leading order attenuation mechanism is the wave diffraction around the cylinders. The local re-amplification permitting the self-propagation of the wave was due to wave reflections from adjacent obstacles. The critical conditions for transmittance of a detonation wave were found to correspond approximately to a pore size equal to approximately 30–60 detonation induction lengths, or one to two cell sizes. For quenched detonations, the re-initiation mechanism was found to rely on wave reflections from neighbouring pores. Depending on the mixture sensitivity, one or several shock reflections may be necessary to re-amplify the attenuated detonation wave back to a self-sustained wave. For the latter case, a novel mechanism was identified, where each shock reflection gives rise to a significant enhancement of the gas reactivity and burnout of large portions of unreacted gas. This leads to a slow acceleration of the leading front, punctuated by small-scale local sudden re-accelerations. The resulting wave interactions give rise to a topologically complex reaction zone structure consisting of alternating layers of reacted and unreacted gas. The role of turbulent diffusive burning during this transient is discussed.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Detonation waves Compressible Flows: Gas dynamics Compressible Flows: Shock waves
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 667 , 25 January 2011 , pp. 96 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Akbar, R. 1997 Mach reflection of gaseous detonations. PhD dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.Google Scholar
Arienti, M. & Shepherd, J. E. 2005 A numerical study of detonation diffraction. J. Fluid Mech. 529, 117–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austin, J. M. 2003 The role of instability in gaseous detonation. PhD dissertation, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.Google Scholar
Brailovsky, I. & Sivashinsky, G. 2000 Hydraulic resistance and multiplicity of detonation regimes. Combust. Flame 122, 130–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brailovsky, I. & Sivashinsky, G. 2002 Effects of momentum and heat losses on the multiplicity of detonation regimes. Combust. Flame 128, 191–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bykov, V., Goldfarb, I., Gol'dshtein, V., Kagan, L. & Sivashinsky, G. 2004 Effects of hydraulic resistance and heat losses on detonability and flammability limits. Combust. Theor. Model. 8, 413–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, J. C. 2006 Critical deflagration waves that lead to the onset of detonation. PhD dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Chao, J., Ng, H. D. & Lee, J. H. S. 2009 Detonability limits in thin annular channels. Proc. Combust. Inst. 32, 2349–2354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, J. F. 1989 Fast flames, waves and detonation. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 15, 241–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damkohler, G. 1940 The effect of turbulence on the combustion rate in gas compounds. Z. Elektrochem. Angew. Phys. Chem. 46, 601–626.Google Scholar
Dionne, J.-P. 2000 Theoretical study of the propagation of non-ideal detonations. PhD dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Dionne, J. P., Ng, H. D. & Lee, J. H. S. 2000 Transient development of friction-induced low-velocity detonations. Proc. Combust. Inst. 28, 645–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorofeev, S. B., Sidorov, V. P., Kuznetsov, M. S., Matsukov, I. D. & Alekseev, V. I. 2000 Effect of scale on the onset of detonations. Shock Waves 10, 137–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckett, C. A., Quirk, J. J. & Shepherd, J. E. 2000 The role of unsteadiness in direct initiation of gaseous detonations. J. Fluid Mech. 421, 147–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frolov, S. M. 1987 Detonation in systems with friction, heat and mass transfer. PhD dissertation, University of Moscow, Moscow, USSR.Google Scholar
Gamezo, V. N., Ogawa, T. & Oran, E. S. 2008 Flame acceleration and DDT in channels with obstacles: effect of obstacle spacing. Combust. Flame 155, 302–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamezo, V. N., Vasil'ev, A. A., Khokhlov, A. M. & Oran, E. S. 2000 Fine cellular structures produced by marginal detonations. Proc. Combust. Inst. 28, 611–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, D. 2010 CANTERA: an object-oriented software toolkit for chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport processes. Available at: http://code.google.com/p/cantera/.Google Scholar
Gordon, S. & McBride, B. J. 1994 Computer program for calculation of complex chemical equilibrium compositions and applications. Tech Rep. 1311. NASA Reference Publication.Google Scholar
Gu, L. S. 1987 Effects of boundary conditions on the propagation of quasi-detonation waves. PhD dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Gu, L. S., Knystautas, R. & Lee, J. H. S. 1988 Influence of obstacle spacing on the propagation of quasi-detonations. In Dynamics of Explosions; Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics (ed. Kuhl, A. L., Bowen, J. R., Leyer, J.-C. & Borisov, A. A.), vol. 114, pp. 232–247. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.Google Scholar
Ikeh, M. O. 1981 The passage of detonations through porous media. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbour, MI.Google Scholar
Kauffman, C. W., Chuanjun, Y. & Nicholls, J. A. 1982 Gaseous detonations in porous media. In Nineteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Khasainov, B., Presles, H. N., Desbordes, D., Demontis, P. & Vidal, P. 2005 Detonation diffraction from circular tubes to cones. Shock Waves 14, 187–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiyanda, C. B. 2005 Photographic study of the structure of irregular detonation waves. Master's dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Knystautas, R., Lee, J. H. & Guirao, C. M. 1982 The critical tube diameter for detonation failure in hydrocarbon air mixtures. Combust. Flame 48, 63–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laney, C. B. 1998 Computational Gasdynamics. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J. H. S. 2008 The Detonation Phenomenon. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyamin, G. A., Mitrofanov, V. V., Pinaev, A. V. & Subbotin, V. A. 1991 Propagation of gas explosion in channels with uneven walls and in porous media. In Dynamic Structure of Detonation in Gaseous and Dispersed Media (ed. Borisov, A.), vol. 153, pp. 51–75. Kluwer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mach, P. & Radulescu, M. I. 2010 Mach reflection bifurcations as a mechanism of cell multiplication in gaseous detonations. Proc. Combust. Inst. (in press). doi:10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.145.Google Scholar
Makris, A. 1993 The propagation of gaseous detonations in porous media. PhD dissertation, McGill University.Google Scholar
Makris, A., Papyrin, A., Kamel, M., Kilambi, J., Knystautas, R. & Lee, J. H. S. 1993 Mechanisms of detonation propagation in a porous medium. In Dynamic Aspects of Detonation (ed. Kuhl, A. L., Leyer, J.-C., Borisov, A. A. & Sirignano, W. A.), pp. 363–380. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.Google Scholar
Makris, A., Shafique, H., Lee, J. H. S. & Knystautas, R. 1995 Influence of mixture sensitivity and pore-size on detonation velocities in porous-media. Shock Waves 5, 89–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manzhalei, V. I. 1998 Gas detonation in a flat channel of 50 μm depth. Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 34, 662–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massa, L., Austin, J. M. & Jackson, T. L. 2007 Triple-point shear layers in gaseous detonation waves. J. Fluid Mech. 586, 205–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, B. M. 2010 One-dimensional model for predicting ignition during an accidental release of pressurized hydrogen into air. Master's Dissertation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Obara, T., Sentanuhady, J., Tsukada, Y. & Ohyagi, S. 2008 Re-initiation process of detonation wave behind a slit-plate. Shock Waves 18, 117–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohyagi, S., Obara, T., Hoshi, S., Cai, P. & Yoshihashi, T. 2002 Diffraction and re-initiation of detonations behind a backward-facing step. Shock Waves 12, 221–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, N. 2000 Turbulent Combustion. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pintgen, F. & Shepherd, J. E. 2009 Detonation diffraction in gases. Combust. Flame 156, 665–677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quirk, J. J. 1998 a AMR sol: design principles and practise. In 29th Computational Fluid Dynamics VKI Lecture Series, von Karman Institute (ed. Deconinck, H.). ISSN; also available at www.amritacfd.org/cgi-bin/doc/vki.Google Scholar
Quirk, J. J. 1998 b Amrita – a computational facility for CFD modelling. In 29th Computational Fluid Dynamics VKI Lecture Series, von Karman Institute (ed. Deconinck, H.). ISSN; also available at www.amritacfd.org/cgi-bin/doc/vki.Google Scholar
Radulescu, M. I. 2003 The propagation and failure mechanism of gaseous detonations: experiments in porous-walled tubes. PhD dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Radulescu, M. I. & Lee, J. H. S. 2002 The failure mechanism of gaseous detonations: experiments in porous wall tubes. Combust. Flame 131, 29–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radulescu, M. I. & Maxwell, B. M. 2010 Critical ignition in rapidly expanding self-similar flows. Phys. Fluids 22, 066101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radulescu, M. I., Papi, A., Quirk, J. J., Mach, P. & Maxwell, B. M. 2009 The origin of shock bifurcations in cellular detonations (CD-ROM). In Paper presented at the 22nd International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Minsk, Belarus, July 2009.Google Scholar
Radulescu, M. I., Sharpe, G. J., Law, C. K. & Lee, J. H. S. 2007 The hydrodynamic structure of unstable cellular detonations. J. Fluid Mech. 580, 31–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radulescu, M. I., Sharpe, G. J., Lee, J. H. S., Kiyanda, C. B., Higgins, A. J. & Hanson, R. K. 2005 The ignition mechanism in irregular structure gaseous detonations. Proc. Combust. Inst. 30, 1859–1867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharpe, G. J. 2001 Transverse waves in numerical simulations of cellular detonations. J. Fluid Mech. 447, 31–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S., Leiberman, D. & Shepherd, J. E. 2003 Combustion behind shock waves. In Western States Section/Combustion Institute, Paper 03F-29, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Slungaard, T., Engebretsen, T. & Sonju, O. K. 2003 The influence of detonation cell size and regularity on the propagation of gaseous detonations in granular materials. Shock Waves 12, 301–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorin, R., Zitoun, R., Khasainov, B. & Desbordes, D. 2009 Detonation diffraction through different geometries. Shock Waves 19, 11–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teodorczyk, A., Lee, J. H. S. & Knystautas, K. 1988 Propagation mechanism of quasi-detonations. In Twenty Second Symposium (International) on Combustion. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Varatharajan, B. & Williams, F. A. 2001 Chemical-kinetic descriptions of high-temperature ignition and detonation of acetylene–oxygen-diluent systems. Combust. Flame 124, 624–645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, S. J., Aslam, T. & Stewart, D. S. 1997 High resolution numerical simulation of ideal and non-ideal compressible reacting flows with embedded internal boundaries. Combust. Theor. Model. 1, 113–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeldovich, Y. B., Gelfand, B. E., Kazhdan, Y. M. & Frolov, S. M. 1987 Detonation propagation in a rough tube taking account of deceleration and heat-transfer. Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 23, 342–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeldovich, I. A. B. & Kompaneets, A. S. 1960 Theory of Detonation. Academic.Google Scholar
Zhang, F., Chue, R. S., Frost, D. L., Lee, J. H. S., Thibault, P. & Yee, C. 1995 Effects of area change and friction on detonation stability in supersonic ducts. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 449, 31–49.Google Scholar
Zhang, F. & Lee, J. H. S. 1994 Friction-induced oscillatory behaviour of one-dimensional detonations. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 446, 87–105.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y. J., Chao, J. & Lee, J. H. S. 2007 An experimental investigation of the propagation mechanism of critical deflagration waves that lead to the onset of detonation. Proc. Combust. Inst. 31, 2455–2462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar