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Effects of surfactant on propagation and rupture of a liquid plug in a tube

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2019

M. Muradoglu Open the ORCID record for M. Muradoglu [Opens in a new window] ,
F. Romanò Open the ORCID record for F. Romanò [Opens in a new window] ,
H. Fujioka Open the ORCID record for H. Fujioka [Opens in a new window]  and
J. B. Grotberg
M. Muradoglu*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
F. Romanò
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2123 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
H. Fujioka
Affiliation:
Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
J. B. Grotberg
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2123 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Surfactant-laden liquid plug propagation and rupture occurring in lower lung airways are studied computationally using a front-tracking method. The plug is driven by an applied constant pressure in a rigid axisymmetric tube whose inner surface is coated by a thin liquid film. The evolution equations of the interfacial and bulk surfactant concentrations coupled with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved in the front-tracking framework. The numerical method is first validated for a surfactant-free case and the results are found to be in good agreement with the earlier simulations of Fujioka et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 20, 2008, 062104) and Hassan et al. (Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, vol. 67, 2011, pp. 1373–1392). Then extensive simulations are performed to investigate the effects of surfactant on the mechanical stresses that could be injurious to epithelial cells, such as pressure and shear stress. It is found that the liquid plug ruptures violently to induce large pressure and shear stress on airway walls and even a tiny amount of surfactant significantly reduces the pressure and shear stress and thus improves cell survivability. However, addition of surfactant also delays the plug rupture and thus airway reopening.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Capillary flows Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Gas/liquid flow Biological Fluid Dynamics: Pulmonary fluid mechanics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 872 , 10 August 2019 , pp. 407 - 437
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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