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Application of a model of internal hydraulic jumps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2017

S. A. Thorpe Open the ORCID record for S. A. Thorpe [Opens in a new window] ,
J. Malarkey ,
G. Voet ,
M. H. Alford ,
J. B. Girton  and
G. S. Carter
S. A. Thorpe*
Affiliation:
School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
J. Malarkey
Affiliation:
School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
G. Voet
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
M. H. Alford
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
J. B. Girton
Affiliation:
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
G. S. Carter
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

A model devised by Thorpe & Li (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 758, 2014, pp. 94–120) that predicts the conditions in which stationary turbulent hydraulic jumps can occur in the flow of a continuously stratified layer over a horizontal rigid bottom is applied to, and its results compared with, observations made at several locations in the ocean. The model identifies two positions in the Samoan Passage at which hydraulic jumps should occur and where changes in the structure of the flow are indeed observed. The model predicts the amplitude of changes and the observed mode 2 form of the transitions. The predicted dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy is also consistent with observations. One location provides a particularly well-defined example of a persistent hydraulic jump. It takes the form of a 390 m thick and 3.7 km long mixing layer with frequent density inversions separated from the seabed by some 200 m of relatively rapidly moving dense water, thus revealing the previously unknown structure of an internal hydraulic jump in the deep ocean. Predictions in the Red Sea Outflow in the Gulf of Aden are relatively uncertain. Available data, and the model predictions, do not provide strong support for the existence of hydraulic jumps. In the Mediterranean Outflow, however, both model and data indicate the presence of a hydraulic jump.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Hydraulic control Geophysical and Geological Flows: Stratified flows Turbulent Flows: Turbulent Flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 834 , 10 January 2018 , pp. 125 - 148
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Copyright
© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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