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Steady and oscillatory thermocapillary convection in liquid columns with free cylindrical surface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2006

F. Preisser ,
D. Schwabe  and
A. Scharmann
F. Preisser
Affiliation:
I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-6300 Giessen, W. Germany
D. Schwabe
Affiliation:
I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-6300 Giessen, W. Germany
A. Scharmann
Affiliation:
I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-6300 Giessen, W. Germany
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Abstract

In liquid columns (Prandtl number 8·9) with free cylindrical surface heated from above, strong thermocapillary convection (TC) has been observed. Stationary thermocapillary convection exists in the form of a single axially symmetric roll bound to the free surface. For aspect ratios l/a < 1 the radial extension of the roll equals the zone length. The stream velocities and the temperature distribution were measured.

The influence of buoyant forces due to horizontal temperature gradients in the experiments was also studied. Buoyant forces become obvious for a contaminated free surface and in bulk regions far from the cylinder surface.

The thermocapillary convection shows a transition to time-dependent oscillatory motion when a critical Marangoni number Mac is exceeded. A unique Mac = 7 × 103 has been found for zones with lengths l < 3·5 mm. The oscillatory state of thermocapillary convection has experimentally been proved to be a distortion of the laminar state in form of a wave travelling in the azimuthal direction. A unique non-dimensional wavenumber ≈ 2·2 (near Mac) of the distortion has been found. The non-dimensional frequency of the temperature oscillations is independent of zone size if the aspect ratio is held constant. However, the non-dimensional frequency of temperature oscillations increases linearly with the aspect ratio of the zone. This result is interpreted as a dependence of the phase velocity of the running disturbance on the aspect ratio.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 126 , January 1983 , pp. 545 - 567
Copyright
© 1983 Cambridge University Press

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