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Decoupling ablation effects on boundary-layer stability and transition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2020

Fernando Miró Miró Open the ORCID record for Fernando Miró Miró [Opens in a new window]  and
Fabio Pinna Open the ORCID record for Fabio Pinna [Opens in a new window]
Fernando Miró Miró*
Affiliation:
Aeronautics and Aerospace Department, Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-Saint-Genèse1640, Belgium
Fabio Pinna
Affiliation:
Aeronautics and Aerospace Department, Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-Saint-Genèse1640, Belgium
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

A modelling methodology is proposed and applied to effectively decouple many of the multiple physical phenomena simultaneously coexisting in boundary-layer-transition problems in the presence of an ablating thermal protection system. Investigations are based on linear stability theory and the semi-empirical $\textrm {e}^{\textrm {N}}$ method, and study the marginal contribution to second-mode-wave amplitudes of internal-energy-mode excitation, ablation-induced outgassing, ablation- and radiation-induced surface cooling, air- and carbon-species dissociation reactions, the interdiffusion of dissimilar species, surface chemistry and radiation and perturbation–shock interactions. The contributions of these phenomena are isolated by deploying a variety of flow assumptions, mixtures and boundary conditions with marginal increases in modelling complexity and generality. Internal-energy-mode excitation is seen to be the major contributor to the perturbation amplitudes for most conditions considered, whereas ablation-induced outgassing or the ablation- and radiation-induced modification of the surface-temperature distribution display a minor effect. Other phenomena are seen to have a variable contribution depending on the trajectory point, owing to the different ablation rates with which the thermal protection system decomposes. This is the case with the diffusion of carbon species injected through the surface, and the dissociation of air and carbon species. The use of a radiative equilibrium, rather than a homogeneous boundary condition on the temperature perturbation amplitude, is seen to increase the predicted growth of second-mode waves at all the trajectory points. Perturbation–shock interactions remarkably modify instability development only in scenarios with significant unstable supersonic modes. The substitution of all ablation subproducts for a single non-reacting species ($\textrm {CO}_{2}$) was acceptable as long as the flow chemistry can be assumed frozen. The use of inaccurate transport and diffusion models, rather than the state of the art, is seen to have a variable effect on the predictions, yet generally smaller than what was observed in previous work.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer stability Compressible Flows: Compressible boundary layers Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 907 , 25 January 2021 , A14
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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