Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T18:58:25.820Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Toehold Acquisitions, Shareholder Wealth, and the Market for Corporate Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Abstract

This study examines the valuation consequences of control-related outcomes that follow toehold acquisitions. We find evidence that toehold acquisitions facilitate value enhancing control transfers. The types of control transfers not only include takeovers, but also internal mechanisms, such as proxy fights and management turnovers. We find that toehold targets experiencing such control transfers exhibit an abnormal increase in share value, while those not experiencing such control transfers exhibit an abnormal decrease in share value. The results suggest that the positive valuation effect associated with toehold acquisitions reflects the expected benefits of subsequent control transfers.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Asquith, P.Merger Bids, Uncertainty, and Stockholder Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 11 (04 1983), 5183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, B. S.Bidder Overpayment in Takeovers.” Stanford Law Review, 41 (02 1989), 597660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, M.; Desai, A.; and Kim, E. H.. “The Rationale behind Interfirm Tender Offers.” Journal of Financial Economics, 11 (04 1983), 183206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeAngelo, H., and DeAngelo, L.. “Proxy Contests and the Governance of Publicly Held Corporations.” Journal of Financial Economics, 23 (06 1989), 2959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodd, P. R., and Warner, J.. “On Corporate Governance: A Study of Proxy Contests.” Journal of Financial Economics, 11 (04 1983), 105138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F.Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm.” Journal of Political Economy, 88 (04 1980), 288307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F. and Jensen, M. C.. “Separation of Ownership and Control.” Journal of Law and Economics, 26 (06 1983) 301325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furtado, E. P., and Rozeff, M. S.. “The Wealth Effects of Company Initiated Management Changes.” Journal of Financial Economics, 18 (03 1987), 147160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, S., and Hart, O.. “Takeover Bids, the Free-Rider Problem, and the Theory of the Corporation.” Bell Journal of Economics, 11 (Spring 1980), 4264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holderness, C. G., and Sheehan, D. P.. “Raiders or Saviors? The Evidence on Six Controversial Investors.” Journal of Financial Economics, 14 (12 1985), 555579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrell, G. A.; Brickley, J. A.; and Netter, J. M.. “The Market for Corporate Control: The Empirical Evidence since 1980.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2 (Winter 1988), 4968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C.Takeovers: Their Causes and Consequences.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2 (Winter 1988), 2148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C., and Ruback, R. S.. “The Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific Evidence.” Journal of Financial Economics, 11 (04 1983), 550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C., and Warner, J. B.. “The Distribution of Power among Corporate Managers, Shareholders, and Directors.” Journal of Financial Economics, 20 (01/03 1988), 324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, A., and Rosenfeld, J.. “Targeted Share Repurchases and Top Management Changes.” Journal of Financial Economics, 20 (01/03 1988), 493506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraakman, R.Taking Discounts Seriously: The Implications of “Discounted” Share Prices as an Acquisition Motive.” Columbia Law Review, 88 (06 1988), 891941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larcker, D. F., and Lys, T.. “Evidence on the Incentives for Costly Information Acquisition: The Case of Risk Arbitrage.” Journal of Financial Economics, 18 (03 1987), 111126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, G. P.Potential Corporate Takeovers and Market Efficiency: A Note.” Journal of Finance, 36 (12 1981), 11911197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malatesta, P. H.The Wealth Effects of Merger Activity and the Objective Functions of Merging Firms.” Journal of Financial Economics, 11 (04 1983), 155181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, K. J., and McConnell, J. J.. “Corporate Performance, Corporate Takeovers, and Management Turnover.” Journal of Finance, 46 (forthcoming 06 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morck, R.; Shleifer, A.; and Vishny, R. W.. “Alternative Mechanisms for Corporate Control.” American Economic Review, 79 (09 1989), 842852.Google Scholar
Mikkelson, W. H., and Ruback, R. S.. “An Empirical Analysis of the Interfirm Equity Investment Process.” Journal of Financial Economics, 14 (12 1985), 523553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, A., and Summers, L. H.. “Breach of Trust in Hostile Takeovers.” In Corporate Takeovers: Causes and Consequences, Auerbach, A. J., ed. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press (1988).Google Scholar
Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R. W.. “Large Shareholders and Corporate Control.” Journal of Political Economy, 94 (06 1986), 461488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varaiya, N. P., and Ferris, K. R.. “Overpaying in Corporate Takeovers: The Winner's Curse.” Financial Analysts' Journal, 43 (0506 1987), 6471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warner, J. B.; Watts, R. L.; and Wruck, K. H.. “Stock Prices and Top Management Changes.” Journal of Financial Economics, 20 (01/03 1988), 461492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisbach, M. S.Outside Directors and CEO Turnover.” Journal of Financial Economics, 20 (01/03 1988), 431460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar