Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T13:44:26.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Managerial Traits and Capital Structure Decisions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Abstract

This article incorporates well-documented managerial traits into a tradeoff model of capital structure to study their impact on corporate financial policy and firm value. Optimistic and/or overconfident managers choose higher debt levels and issue new debt more often but need not follow a pecking order. The model also surprisingly uncovers that these managerial traits can play a positive role. Biased managers' higher debt levels restrain them from diverting funds, which increases firm value by reducing this manager-shareholder conflict. Although higher debt levels delay investment, mildly biased managers' investment decisions can increase firm value by reducing this bondholder-shareholder conflict.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ben-David, I.; Graham, J.; and Harvey, C.. “Managerial Overconfidence and Corporate Policies.” Working Paper, Duke University (2006).Google Scholar
Berger, P.; Ofek, E.; and Yermack, D.. “Managerial Entrenchment and Capital Structure Decisions.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 14111438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernardo, A., and Welch, I.. “On the Evolution of Overconfidence and Entrepreneurs.” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 10 (2001), 301330.Google Scholar
Bertrand, M., and Schoar, A.. “Managing with Style: The Effect of Managers on Firm Policies.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (2003), 301330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childs, P.; Mauer, D.; and Ott, S.. “Interactions of Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions: The Effects of Agency Conflicts.” Journal of Financial Economics, 76 (2005), 667690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Meza, D., and Southey, C.. “The Borrower's Curse: Optimism, Finance and Entrepreneurship.” Economic Journal, 106 (1996), 375386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittmar, A., and Mahrt-Smith, J.. “Corporate Governance and the Value of Cash Holdings.” Journal of Financial Economics, 83 (2007), 599634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einhorn, H.Overconfidence in Judgment.” New Directions for Methodology of Social and Behavioral Science, 4 (1980), 116.Google Scholar
Fischer, E.; Heinkel, R.; and Zechner, J.. “Dynamic Capital Structure Choice: Theory and Tests.” Journal of Finance, 44 (1989), 1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, M., and Goyal, V.. “Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics, 67 (2003), 217248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gervais, S.; Heaton, J.; and Odean, T.. “Overconfidence, Investment Policy, and Manager Welfare.” Working Paper, Duke University (2006).Google Scholar
Goel, A., and Thakor, A.. “Overconfidence, CEO Selection, and Corporate Governance.” Working Paper, Washington University in St. Louis (2005).Google Scholar
Goldstein, R.; Ju, N.; and Leland, H.. “An EBIT-Based Model of Dynamic Capital Structure.” Journal of Business, 74 (2001), 483512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, J., and Harvey, C.. “The Theory and Practice of Corporate Finance: Evidence from the Field.” Journal of Financial Economics, 60 (2001), 187243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grifin, D., and Tversky, A.. “The Weighing of Evidence and the Determinants of Confidence.” Cognitive Psychology, 24 (1992), 411435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, S., and Hart, O.. “Financial Structure and Managerial Incentives.” In The Economics of Information and Uncertainty, McCall, J., ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1982).Google Scholar
Harris, M., and Raviv, A.. “Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race.” Review of Financial Studies, 6 (1993), 473506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, J., and Kreps, D.. “Speculative Investor Behavior in a Stock Market with Heterogeneous Expectations.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 92 (1978), 323336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, O., and Moore, J.. “Default and Renegotiation: A Dynamic Model of Debt.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113 (1998), 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaton, J.Managerial Optimism and Corporate Finance.” Financial Management, 31 (2002), 3345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M.Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers.” American Economic Review, 76 (1986), 323329.Google Scholar
Jensen, M., and Meckling, W.. “The Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (1976), 305360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ju, N.; Parrino, R.; Poteshman, A.; and Weisbach, M.. “Horses and Rabbits? Optimal Dynamic Capital Structure from Shareholder and Manager Perspectives.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40 (2005), 259281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, D.; Slovic, P.; and Tversky, A.. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahnemann, D., and Lovallo, D.. “Timid Choices and Bold Forecasts: A Cognitive Perspective on Risk Taking.” Management Science, 39 (1993), 1731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kyle, A., and Wang, F.. “Speculation Duopoly with Agreement to Disagree: Can Overconfidence Survive the Market Test?” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 20732090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambrecht, B., and Myers, S.. “Debt and Managerial Rents in a Real-Options Model of the Firm.” Working Paper, University of Lancaster (2006).Google Scholar
Leland, H.Corporate Debt Value, Bond Covenants and Optimal Capital Structure.” Journal of Finance, 49 (1994), 12131252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malmendier, U.; Tate, G.; and Yan, J.. “Corporate Financial Policies with Overconfident Managers,” Working Paper, UC Berkeley (2006).Google Scholar
Mauer, D., and Ott, S.. “Agency Costs, Underinvestment, and Optimal Capital Structure: The Effect of Growth Options to Expand.” In Project Flexibility, Agency, and Competition, Brennan, M. and Trigeorgis, L., eds. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press (2000).Google Scholar
Mauer, D., and Sarkar, S.. “Real Options, Agency Conflicts, and Optimal Capital Structure.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 29 (2005), 14051428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauer, D., and Triantis, A.. “Interactions of Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions: A Dynamic Framework.” Journal of Finance, 49 (1994), 12531277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mello, A., and Parsons, J.. “Measuring the Agency Cost of Debt.” Journal of Finance, 47 (1992), 18871904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modigliani, F., and Miller, M.. “The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance, and the Theory of Investment.” American Economic Review, 48 (1958), 261297.Google Scholar
Morellec, E.Can Managerial Discretion Explain Observed Leverage Ratios?” Review of Financial Studies, 17 (2004), 257294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, S.Determinants of Corporate Borrowing.” Journal of Financial Economics, 5 (1977), 147175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, S., and Majluf, N.. “Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions when Firms Have Information that Investors Do Not Have.” Journal of Financial Economics, 13 (1984), 187221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odean, T.Volume, Volatility, Price, and Profit when All Traders Are Above Average, Journal of Finance 53 (1998), 18871934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parrino, R., and Weisbach, M.. “Measuring Investment Distortions Arising from Stockholder-Bondholder Conflicts.” Journal of Financial Economics, 53 (1999), 342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puri, M., and Robinson, D.. “Optimism and Economic Choice.” Journal of Financial Economics, 86 (2007), 7199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roll, R.The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers.Journal of Business, 59 (1986), 197216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, J.Capital Asset Prices with Heterogeneous Beliefs.” Journal of Financial Economics, 5 (1977), 219239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar