Hostname: page-component-cc8bf7c57-j4qg9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-12T01:58:29.489Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Debt Capacity, Cost of Debt, and Corporate Insurance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Abstract

Using a unique insurance dataset for a sample of Chinese publicly listed companies for the period 1997 through 2003, this study tests the simultaneous linkages between debt capacity, cost of debt, and corporate property insurance. Our results suggest that, on the one hand, a higher cost of debt appears to motivate the use of more property insurance, but high leverage alone does not lead to the purchase of more property insurance. The latter finding might reflect the unique institutional setting of China, for example, where there is a low chanceof legally enforced company liquidation. Also, there is evidence that leverage can interact with tangible assets intensity and exert a positive conjoint effect on the corporate purchase ofproperty insurance. On the other hand, we find evidence that supports that property insurance helps expand insuring firms' debt capacity and helps lower their borrowing costs. However, themoderate evidence on the cost reduction effect suggests that lowering the borrowing cost is likely to be a concern secondary to facilitating corporate borrowing and thereby expanding debt capacity in corporate property insurance decisions in China. Overall, we conclude that debt capacity, cost of debt, and corporate insurance appear to be simultaneously related.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allayannis, G., and Ofek, E.. “Exchange Rate Exposure, Hedging, and the Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 20 (2001), 273296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R. C.; Mansi, S. A.; and Reeb, D. M.. “Board Characteristics, Accounting Report Integrity and the Cost of Debt.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37 (2004), 315342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, J.Does the Use of Financial Derivatives Affect Earnings Management Decisions?Accounting Review, 76 (2001), 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, L.; Aivazian, V.; Demirguc-Kunt, A.; and Maksimovic, V.. “Capital Structures in Developing Countries.” Journal of Finance, 56 (2001), 87130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, M.; Jarrell, G.; and Kim, E. H.. “On the Existence of an Optimal Capital Structure: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of Finance, 39 (1984), 857878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C. J. P., and Jaggi, B.. “Association between Independent Non-Executive Directors, Family Control and Financial Disclosures in Hong Kong.” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 19 (2000), 285310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.Determinants of Capital Structure of Chinese-listed Companies.” Journal of Business Research, 57 (2004), 13411351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, K. C. W., and Yuan, H.. “Earnings Management and CapitalResource Allocation: Evidence from China's Accounting-Based Regulation of Rights Issues.” Accounting Review, 79 (2004), 645665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) Database. Beijing: CSRC (2000).Google Scholar
Cole, C. W., and Officer, D. T.. “The Interest Cost Effect of Private Municipal Bond Insurance.” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 48 (1981), 435449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, D. W.Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring.” Review of Economic Studies, 51 (1984), 393414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and French, K. R.. “Testing Trade-off and PeckingOrder Predictions about Dividends and Debt.” Review of Financial Studies, 15 (2002), 133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firth, M.; Fung, P. M. Y.; and Rui, O. M.. “Firm Performance, Governance Structure, and Top Management Turnover in a Transitional Economy.” Working Paper, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (2002).Google Scholar
Frank, M. Z., and Goyal, V. K.. “Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics, 67 (2003), 217248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Froot, K. A.; Scharfstein, D. S.; and Stein, J. C.. “Risk Management: Coordinating Corporate Investment and Financing Policies.” Journal of Finance, 48 (1993), 16291658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Géczy, C.; Minton, B. A.; and Schrand, C.. “Why Firms Use Currency Derivatives.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 13231354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachs, Goldman. “Capital Markets Transforming China.” People's Daily, overseas edition, 07 30, 2001, p. 7.Google Scholar
Grace, M. F., and Rebello, M. J.. “Financing and the Demand for Corporate Insurance.” Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Theory, 18 (1993), 147172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, J. R.Proxies for the Corporate Marginal Tax Rate.” Journal of Financial Economics, 42 (1996), 187221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, J. R., and Rogers, D. A.. “Do Firms Hedge in Response to Tax Incentives?Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 815838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, W. H.Econometric Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (2000).Google Scholar
Grillet, L.Corporate Insurance and Corporate Stakeholders: TransactionCosts Theory.” Journal of Insurance Regulation, 11 (1992), 233251.Google Scholar
Guay, W. R.The Impact of Derivatives on Firm Risk: An Empirical Examination of New Derivative Users.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 26 (1999), 319351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guedes, J., and Opler, T.. “The Determinants of the Maturity of Corporate Debt Issues.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 18091833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gul, F. A.Government Share Ownership, Investment Opportunity Set and Corporate Policy Choices in China.” Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 7 (1999), 157172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, B., and Murphy, K.. “Stock Options for Undiversified Executives.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 33 (2002), 342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haushalter, G. D.Financing Policy, Basis Risk, and Corporate Hedging: Evidence from Oil and Gas Producers.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 107151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healy, P. M., and Palepu, K. G.. “Information Asymmetry, Corporate Disclosure, and the Capital Market: A Review of the Empirical Disclosure Literature.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31 (2001), 485520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoyt, R. E., and Khang, H.. “On the Demand for Corporate Property Insurance.” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 67 (2000), 91107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huberman, G.Corporate Risk Management to Reduce Borrowing Costs.” Economics Letters, 54 (1997), 265269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C., and Meckling, W. H.. “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (1976), 305360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S. A.An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Corporate Debt Ownership Structure.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 32 (1997), 4769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jun, S.-G., and Jen, F. C.. “Trade-off Model of Debt Maturity Structure.” Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 20 (2003), 534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, P.A Guide to Econometrics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (1998).Google Scholar
Kidwell, D. S.; Sorensen, E. H.; and Wachowicz, J. M.. “Estimating the Signalling Benefits of Debt Insurance: The Case of Municipal Bonds.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 22 (1987), 399–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C. F., and Rui, O. M.. “Does Trading Volume Contain Information to Predict Stock Returns? Evidence from China's Stock Markets.” Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 14 (2000), 341360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeth, J. D., and Scott, J. A.. “The Incidence of Secured Debt: Evidence from the Small Business Community.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 24 (1989), 379393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leland, H. E.Agency Costs, Risk Management and Capital Structure.” Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), 12131243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S.; Liu, F.; Liu, S.; and Whitmore, G. A.. “Comparative Performance of Chinese Commercial Banks: Analysis, Findings and Policy Implications.” Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 16 (2001), 149170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Y. S.The Chinese Route to Privatization—The Evolution of the Shareholding System Option.” Asian Survey, 38 (1998), 379397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Y. W.; Lin, Z. J.; and Ma, M. Z.. Encyclopedia of Insurance Business (in Chinese). Beijing: China Financial Publishing House (1998).Google Scholar
Mayers, D., and Smith, C. W.. “On the Corporate Demand for Insurance.” Journal of Business, 55 (1982), 281296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayers, D., and Smith, C. W.. “On the Corporate Demand for Insurance: Evidence from the Reinsurance Market.” Journal of Business, 63 (1990), 1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mian, S. L.Evidence on Corporate Hedging Policy.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 31 (1996), 419439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, S.The Capital Structure Puzzle.” Journal of Finance, 39 (1984), 575592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, S., and Majluf, N.. “Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information that Investors Do Not Have.” Journal of Financial Economics, 13 (1984), 187221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newey, W., and West, K.. “A Simple Positive Semi-Definitive, Heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pei, X.The Political Economy of Banking Reforms in China, 1993–1997.” Journal of Contemporary China, 7 (1998), 321350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, M. A., and Rajan, R. G.. “The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data.” Journal of Finance, 49 (1994), 347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pincus, M., and Rajgopal, S.. “The Interaction between AccrualManagement and Hedging: Evidence from Oil and Gas Firms.” Accounting Review, 77 (2002), 127160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pittman, J. A., and Fortin, S.. “Auditor Choice and the Cost of Debt Capital for Newly Public Firms.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37 (2004), 113136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rajan, R. G., and Zingales, L.. “What Do We Know about CapitalStructure? Some Evidence from International Data.” Journal of Finance, 50 (1995), 14211460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, J. R., and Welch, I.. “A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 17951828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, A.; Walters, P. G. P.; and Luk, S. T. K.. “Chinese Puzzles and Paradoxes, Conducting Business Research in China.” Journal of Business Research, 52 (2001), 203210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, A.; Strock, F.; and Travlos, N.. “Ownership Structure, Deregulation, and Bank Risk Taking.” Journal of Finance, 45 (1990), 643654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmit, J. T., and Roth, K.. “Cost Effectiveness of Risk Management Practices.” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 57 (1990), 455470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. W.On the Convergence of Insurance and Finance Research.” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 53 (1986), 693717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. W., and Stulz, R.. “The Determinants of a Firm's Hedging Policies.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 20 (1985), 391405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Q., and Tong, W. H. S.. “China Share Issue Privatization:The Extent of Its Success.” Journal of Financial Economics, 70 (2003), 183222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thakor, A. V.An Exploration of Competitive Signalling Equilibria with ‘Third Party’ Information Production: The Case of Debt Insurance.” Journal of Finance, 37 (1982), 717739.Google Scholar
Tian, G. H.State Shareholding and the Value of China's Firms.” Working Paper, London Business School (2001).Google Scholar
Villalonga, B., and Amit, R.. “How Do Family Ownership, Control and Management Affect Firm Value.” Journal of Financial Economics, 80 (2006), 385417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, R. S. O., and Naser, K.. “Firm-Specific Determinants of the Comprehensiveness of Mandatory Disclosure in the Corporate Annual Reports of Firms Listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 14 (1995), 311368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warner, J. B.Bankruptcy Costs: Some Evidence.” Journal of Finance, 32 (1977), 337347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, Z.; Xie, F.; and Zhang, S.. “Ownership Structure and Firm Value in China's Privatized Firms: 1991–2001.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40 (2005), 87108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, J. Z.; Yang, H.; and Chow, C. W.. “The Determinants and Characteristics of Voluntary Internetbased Disclosures by Listed Chinese Companies.” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 23 (2004), 191225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, X. N., and Wang, Y.. “Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance in Chinese Stock Companies.” China Economic Review, 10 (1999), 7598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamori, N.An Empirical Investigation of the Japanese Corporate Demand for Insurance.” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 66 (1999), 239252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yermack, D.Higher Market Valuation of Companies with a Small Board of Directors.” Journal of Financial Economics, 40 (1996), 185212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zou, H., and Adams, M. B.. “The Corporate Purchase of PropertyInsurance: Chinese Evidence.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 15 (2006), 165196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zou, H.; Adams, M. B.; and Buckle, M. J.. “CorporateRisks and Property Insurance: Evidence from the People's Republic of China.” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 70 (2003), 289314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zou, H., and Xiao, J. Z.. “Financing Decisions of Chinese Listed Companies.” British Accounting Review, 38 (2006), 239258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar