Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T09:29:21.019Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lady Chatterley and the Monk: Anglican Radicals and the Lady Chatterley Trial of 1960

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2008

MARK ROODHOUSE
Affiliation:
Department of History, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The trial of Penguin Books for publishing an unexpurgated edition of D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's lover is a symbolic episode in histories of 1960s Britain, used to illustrate changes in social attitudes. However, historians have not appreciated the impact of the trial on Anglican attitudes towards contemporary society. Using correspondence in the papers of the Mirfield father and literary critic Martin Jarrett-Kerr, this article reveals the tensions within a loose coalition of Anglican radicals just as their views began to receive attention in the media. Jarrett-Kerr and fellow liberal Anglo-Catholics found themselves in an uneasy alliance with Liberal Anglicans, whose views were conflated with those of the radicals.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Martin Jarrett-Kerr to Jonathan Graham, 1 Sept. 1960, Mirfield papers, Borthwick Institute, York, Revd Fr Martin (William Robert) Jarrett-Kerr cr, Lady Chatterley's lover file.

2 Notes on the cover of the Penguin edition of Lady Chatterley's lover cited in Arthur Marwick, The sixties: cultural revolution in Britain, France, Italy and the United States, c. 1958–c. 1974, Oxford 1998, 146.

3 Michael Rubinstein to Eric James, 8 Oct. 1985, cited in Eric James, A life of Bishop John A. T. Robinson: scholar, pastor, prophet, Grand Rapids 1987, 108.

4 Jeffrey Weeks, Sex, politics and society: the regulation of sexuality since 1800, Harlow 1981, 264; John Sutherland, Offensive literature: decensorship in Britain, 1960–1982, Totowa 1982, 10–31; Arthur Marwick, British society since 1945, Harmondsworth 1982, 151; Paul Ferris, Sex and the British: a twentieth-century history, London 1993; Anthony Aldgate, Censorship and the permissive society: British cinema and theatre, 1955–65, Oxford 1995, 4; Marwick, The sixties, 144–7, 156, 474; Alan Travis, Bound and gagged: a history of obscenity in Britain, London 2000, 138–65; Mark Jarvis, Conservative governments, morality and social change in affluent Britain, 1957–64, Manchester 2005, 116–17.

5 E. R. Norman, Church and society in England, 1770–1970, Oxford 1976, 429, 445–6; G. I. T. Machin, Churches and social issues in twentieth-century Britain, Oxford 1998, 187–9.

6 H. A. Williams, ‘Theology and self-awareness’, in A. R. Vidler (ed.), Soundings: essays concerning Christian understanding, Cambridge 1962, 69–101 at p. 82.

7 Callum G. Brown, The death of Christian Britain: understanding secularisation, 1800–2000, London 2001, 175–6.

8 Ross McKibbin, Classes and cultures: England, 1918–1951, Oxford 2000, 331.

9 Fr William Tiverton, D. H. Lawrence and human existence, London 1951, p. x.

10 Jarrett-Kerr, Martin, ‘The demise of Father Tiverton’, D. H. Lawrence Review xx (1984), 61Google Scholar.

11 Idem, ‘Proof of evidence’, n.d., Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

12 Information culled from Jarrett-Kerr's school records in the Cheltenham College archive by Jill Barlow.

13 Alan Wilkinson, ‘Fr Martin Jarrett-Kerr’, The Independent, 3 Dec. 1991.

14 Jarrett-Kerr, ‘Demise of Father Tiverton’, 61.

15 Ibid 62.

16 Tindall, William Young, ‘D. H. Lawrence and human existence’, Modern Language Notes lxvii (1952), 283–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

17 Tiverton, D. H. Lawrence and human existence, 80.

18 Ibid 82.

19 Ibid 87, 89.

20 Ibid 86.

21 Leavis, F. R., ‘Mr Eliot and Lawrence’, Scrutiny xviii (1951), 6673Google Scholar.

22 T. S. Eliot, ‘Literature and religion’, in T. S. Eliot, Essays ancient and modern, London 1936, 93–112.

23 Alan Wilkinson, The Community of the Resurrection: a centenary history, London 1992, 260; Jarrett-Kerr, ‘Demise of Father Tiverton’, 62.

24 Nicholas Mosley, The life of Raymond Raynes, London 1961, 191–3; Wilkinson, Community of the Resurrection, 274–5.

25 Graham to Jarrett-Kerr, 6 Sept. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

26 ‘Rule 6 (Common Life)’, in Community of the Resurrection, The book of the Community of the Resurrection, Wakefield 1945, 24.

27 Martin Jarrett-Kerr, ‘Lady Chatterley circular letter’, 8 Sept. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

28 Ibid

29 Lindsay Dewar, A short introduction to moral theology, London 1956, 36–48.

30 Webster, Alan, ‘Fisher, Geoffrey Francis, Baron Fisher of Lambeth (1887–1972)’, ODNB xix. (671–6Google Scholar.

31 Martin, Christopher, ‘Ciao bambina’, Prism iv (1960), 47Google Scholar.

32 Frank Glendenning to Jarrett-Kerr, 12 Sept. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

33 John Lawrence to Jarrett-Kerr, 13 Sept. 1960, ibid

34 Andrew Blair to Jarrett-Kerr, St Matthew [21 Sept.] 1960, ibid

35 Valerie Pitt to Jarrett-Kerr, n.d., ibid

36 R. T. Davies to Jarrett-Kerr, 4 Oct. 1960, ibid

37 Ibid

38 Robin Denniston to Jarrett-Kerr, 9 Sept. 1960, ibid

39 Lawrence to Jarrett-Kerr, 13 Sept. 1960, ibid

40 Lionel Knights to Jarrett-Kerr, 18 Sept. 1960, ibid

41 Lawrence to Jarrett-Kerr, 13 Sept. 1960, ibid

42 Leslie Paul to Jarrett-Kerr, 12 Sept. 1960, ibid

43 Denniston to Jarrett-Kerr, 9 Sept. 1960, ibid

44 Pitt to Jarrett-Kerr, n.d. [Sept. 1960], ibid

45 Derrick Sherwin Bailey (ed.), Sexual offenders and social punishment: being the evidence submitted on behalf of the Church of England Moral Welfare Council to the Departmental Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution, with other material relating thereto, London 1956, 9–11.

46 Derrick Sherwin Bailey to Jarrett-Kerr, 14 Sept. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

47 Robert Walton to Jarrett-Kerr, 16 Sept. 1960, ibid

48 Gordon Dunstan to Jarrett-Kerr, 8 Sept. 1960, ibid

49 Matthew xviii. 6; Michael Rubinstein to Jarrett-Kerr, 7 Oct. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

50 Michael Ramsey to Jarrett-Kerr, 25 Sept. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

51 Jarrett-Kerr to Eric James, 30 Aug. 1985, ibid MJK/II/215b.

52 George Every to Jarrett-Kerr, n.d., ibidLady Chatterley file.

53 Rubinstein to Jarrett-Kerr, 21 Oct., 2 Nov. 1960, ibid

54 Jarrett-Kerr to James, 30 Aug. 1985, ibid MJK/II/215b.

55 Paul to Jarrett-Kerr, 12 Sept. 1960, ibidLady Chatterley file.

56 Dr Geoffrey Fisher, ‘Statement to Canterbury diocesan conference’, 5 Nov. 1960, cited in James, Life of Bishop Robinson, 97–8.

57 The Times, 20 Nov. 1959.

58 Ibid 23 Dec. 1959.

59 ‘Thou shalt not’, Church Times, 11 Nov. 1960.

60 Welch, Colin, ‘Black magic, white lies’, Encounter xvi (1961), 75–9Google Scholar.

61 F. R. Leavis, ‘The orthodoxy of enlightenment’, Spectator, 17 Feb. 1961.

62 ‘The censor as aedile’, Times Literary Supplement, 4 Aug. 1961.

63 John Sparrow, ‘Regina v. Penguin Books’, Encounter xviii (1962), 35–43.

64 For example Colin MacInnes, ‘Experts on trial: a comment on Mr Sparrow’, ibid 63–5.

65 Rubinstein to Jarrett-Kerr, 7 Nov. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

66 John Robinson to Jarrett-Kerr, 9 Nov. 1960, ibid

67 Rubinstein to Jarrett-Kerr, 11 Nov. 1960, ibid

68 Church Times, 18 Nov. 1960.

69 Jarrett-Kerr to Geoffrey Fisher, n.d., Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

70 Ibid

71 Matthew Grimley, Citizenship, community and the Church of England: Liberal Anglican theories of the state between the wars, Oxford 2004, 65–102; Wilkinson, Community of the Resurrection, 250.

72 Welch, ‘Black magic, white lies’, 75–9.

73 ‘Christians do not make jokes about sex for the same reason that they do not make jokes about Holy Communion, not because it is sordid, but because it is sacred, and I think Lawrence tried to portray this relation as in a real sense as something sacred, as in a real sense as an act of holy communion, lower case of course’: C. H. Rolph (ed.), The trial of Lady Chatterley: Regina v. Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth 1961, 70–1; James, Life of Bishop Robinson, 101.

74 West, Rebecca, Williams, William Emrys, Hoggart, Richard and Jarrett-Kerr, Martin, ‘“Chatterley,” the witnesses, and the law: black magic? white lies?’, Encounter xvi (1961), 52–6Google Scholar.

75 Martin, ‘Ciao bambina’, 4–7; Paul Welsby, A history of the Church of England, 1945–1980, Oxford 1986, 135–6.

76 Time and Tide, 12 Nov. 1960.

77 The Times, 10 Nov. 1960.

78 Martin Jarrett-Kerr, ‘Witness of the Church in an expanding world’, in Mirfield essays in Christian belief, London 1962, 249–65.

79 Idem, The secular promise: Christian presence amid contemporary humanism, London 1964, 179–217.

80 See Robert Towler, The need for certainty: a sociological study of conventional religion, London 1984.

81 See Machin, Churches and social issues, 137–74, and Brown, Death of Christian Britain, fig. 7.1 at p. 164.

82 Jarrett-Kerr to James, 30 Aug. 1985, Mirfield papers, MJK/II/215b.

83 Pitt to Jarrett-Kerr, 21 Nov. 1960, ibidLady Chatterley file.

84 Edward Frederick Carpenter, Archbishop Fisher: his life and times, Norwich 1991, 394.

85 Dunstan to Jarrett-Kerr, 8 Sept. 1960, Mirfield papers, Lady Chatterley file.

86 G. R. Dunstan, The artifice of ethics, London 1974, 31–56.

87 Archbishop of Canterbury's Group on Divorce Law, Putting asunder: a divorce law for contemporary society, London 1966, 10; Lewis, Jane and Wallis, Patrick, ‘Fault, breakdown, and the Church of England's involvement in the 1969 divorce reform’, Twentieth Century British History xi (2000), 308–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar.