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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
‘Without me’, wrote John Henry Newman in 1869, ‘Golightly would not have come to Oxford, and he was my chief persecutor.’
Charles Pourtales Golightly was born in 1807, and died on Christmas Day 1885. He was thus six years younger than Newman, and died some five years before him, but not too soon to see him made a cardinal. Like Newman, Golightly had on his mother's side a Huguenot ancestry. He went to school at Eton, which he thought a vile place. He travelled in Europe, and stayed in Rome, where he relished the society of cardinals. In 1824 he matriculated at Oriel College Oxford. In 1828 he proceeded B.A., in 1830 M.A. But for his ample means, he might (it was said) have been elected into the brilliant company of Fellows of Oriel. Though various well-meaning persons pulled strings to establish the young Golightly in a benefice, he never received any ecclesiastical appointment except one or two curacies.
page 209 note 1 Newman, J. H., Autobiographical Writings, ed. H. Tristram (1956Google Scholar), 267.
page 209 note 2 Goulburn, E. M., Reminiscences of C. P. Golightly (1886Google Scholar), 10–11.
page 209 note 3 Birmingham Oratory, Newman MSS. Miscellaneous Letters 1829–36, No. 23, Golightly to Newman, 7 November 1832Google Scholar. I am indebted to the Oratory for access to these papers, and for permission to quote from them.
page 209 note 4 Autobiographical Writings, 179, 180 (6 January, 12 January 1822Google Scholar).
page 209 note 5 Lambeth Palace Library: Golightly MSS., W. S. Trower to Golightly, 19 July 1826Google Scholar. The Golightly MSS. consist of two boxes of correspondence, roughly sorted in bundles. The correspondence has clearly been sifted, by Golightly or perhaps by his executors or legatees. It includes material for his activities after 1845.
page 210 note 1 Ibid., W. S. Trower to Golightly, 15 August 1827.
page 210 note 2 Ibid., F. W. Newman to Golightly, 25 October 1827.
page 210 note 3 Knox, A. E., The Tractarian Movement (2nd ed. 1934Google Scholar), 127.
page 210 note 4 Oxford University Poll, Oxford 1829Google Scholar.
page 210 note 5 Knox, Alexander, Remains (1836Google Scholar), i. 54. ‘Letter on the Situation and Prospects of the Established Church, 4 June 1816.’
page 210 note 6 See Kebbel, T. E., Lord Beaconsfield and other Tory Memories (1907Google Scholar).
page 210 note 7 Kingsley versus Newman (ed. Ward, Wilfrid, Oxford 1913Google Scholar), 131, which I have cited throughout as Apologia.
page 211 note 1 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters 1829–36, No. 10, Golightly to Newman, 10 August 1831.Google Scholar
page 211 note 2 The Remains of the late Reverend Richard Hurrell Froude, Pt. ii, vol. II (1839Google Scholar), ‘Remarks on State Interference in Matters Spiritual’ (written in 1833), 184–269. See also Tracts for the Times, No. 59, ‘Church and State’, 2. (1834, reprinted 1839.)
page 211 note 3 Smith, Sydney, Letters on the Subject of the Catholics... by Peter Plymley, Letter V (1807Google Scholar), 37.
page 211 note 4 [C. P. Golightly], Facts and Documents showing the Alarming State of the Diocese of Oxford by a Senior Clergyman of the Diocese (1859Google Scholar), 7–8.
page 211 note 5 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to Phillpotts 24 July (copy): Phillpotts to Golightly, 25 July 1833.Google Scholar
page 211 note 6 Ibid., Jemima Newman to Golightly, 30 July 1833.
page 212 note 1 Ibid., J. H. Newman to Golightly, 11 August 1833.
page 212 note 2 For Golightly's reply, dated 22 August 1833, see Mozley, Anne, Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman during his Life in the English Church, I (1891), 445–6Google Scholar; I have cited this throughout as Letters and Correspondence. A. E. Knox, op. cit., 126–7.
page 212 note 3 Churton, E., Memoir of Joshua Watson, I (1861), 65Google Scholar, 73.
page 212 note 4 Gross, F. L., Newman (1933Google Scholar), 159–60.
page 212 note 5 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters 1837, Golightly to Newman, 9 February 1837Google Scholar. (Tracts for the Times, Numbers 18, 9, and 59.)
page 212 note 6 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Newman to Golightly, 6 January 1834Google Scholar. The Gells were a Derbyshire family. For Philip Gell, Minister of St. John's, Derby and Rural Dean, who started a society of North Midland Evangelical clergymen, see Pollard, A., ‘Evangelical Parish Clergy, 1820–1840, Church Quarterly Review, CLXIX (1958), 387–8.Google Scholar
page 212 note 7 Cf. Greaves, R. W., The Corporation of Leicester 1689–1836 (1939Google Scholar), 129–30
page 213 note 1 Hampden, R. D., The Scholastic Philosophy considered in its relation to Christian Theology (2nd ed. 1837Google Scholar), Introduction, xxi, xxviii. Hampden used the term ‘Scholastic Philosophy’ to cover not merely the medieval doctors of the Latin Church, but previous writers, Greek and Latin, who had used philosophical terms for theological purposes.
page 213 note 2 Hampden, R. D., Observations on Religious Dissent with particular reference to the use of Religious Tests in the University, Oxford 1834Google Scholar, 42–3.
page 213 note 3 Sykes, N., William Wake (1957Google Scholar) ii. 32–3, 37.
page 213 note 4 Correspondence between the Rev. Dr. Hampden... and the Most Rev. Dr. Howley, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury (1838Google Scholar), 1, Hampden to Howley, 27 February 1836.
page 213 note 5 [Pusey, E. B.], Dr. Hampden's Theological Statements and the Thirty Nine Articles compared by a resident member of Convocation, Oxford 1841Google Scholar, xxxiii-xxxiv.
page 213 note 6 Observations, 43.
page 214 note 1 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to Dodd, 1 March 1836.Google Scholar
page 214 note 2 Henrietta Hampden, Some Memorials of Renn Dickson Hampden, Bishop of Hereford (1871Google Scholar), 49–50.
page 214 note 3 A Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury explanatory of the proceedings at Oxford on the Appointment of the present Regius Professor of Divinity by a Member of the University of Oxford (3rd ed. 1836Google Scholar), 6.
page 214 note 4 Woodgate, H. A., A Letter to Viscount Melbourne on the Recent Appointment to the Office of Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford (2nd ed. 1836Google Scholar), 5–6.
page 214 note 5 Correspondence between the Rev. Dr. Hampden..., 16.
page 214 note 6 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to Dodd, 8 March 1836.Google Scholar
page 214 note 7 Ibid., Golightly to Dodd, 1 March 1836.
page 215 note 1 Pusey's, E. B.Dr. Hampden's Past and Present Statements Compared, Oxford 1836Google Scholar, according to Liddon, H. P. (Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey, I (1893), 377Google Scholar) came out on the 21 March, and not late for the fair.
page 215 note 2 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to Dodd, 24 March 1836Google Scholar. The Proctors based their veto chiefly on constitutional and legal grounds. The limitations put on Hampden in fact made no practical difference, but were a gesture. See London Library Pamphlets 3166, ‘A brief statement of the general facts and reasons which induced the Proctors to exercise their privilege of “Veto” upon the Statute proposed to Covocation on 22 March 1836’. This is a MS. in a volume of pamphlets bearing the Holland House bookplate, and collected by E. G. Bayly, a clerical Fellow of Pembroke, the Senior Proctor; Henry Reynolds, of St. John's, was Junior Proctor.
page 215 note 3 Lambeth, Ibid., Golightly to Dodd, 12 March 1836; for his account of the meeting of 22 March, his letter of 24 March 1836.
page 215 note 4 Ibid., Golightly to Dodd, 1 March 1836.
page 215 note 5 Ibid., Golightly to Dodd, 8 March 1836.
page 215 note 6 Brilioth, Y., Evangelicalism and the Oxford Movement (1934Google Scholar), 25–9; Autobiographical Writings, 205–6 (29 May 1826).
page 215 note 7 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters 1829–36, No. 36, Conductors of the Record to Newman, 11 October 1833Google Scholar. For a comment on these papers see A. E. Knox, op. cit., 124–6.
page 216 note 1 Brilioth, op. cit., 29; cf. M. Ward, Young Mr. Newman (1948Google Scholar), 311.
page 216 note 2 Facts and Documents, 3.
page 216 note 3 Burgon, J. W., Lives of Twelve Good Men, i (4th ed. 1889Google Scholar), xxiv-xxviii.
page 216 note 4 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters 1829–36, No. 10, Golightly to Newman, 10 August 1831.Google Scholar
page 216 note 5 Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey Record Office, Goulburn MSS. 111/8, E. M. Goulburn to H. Goulburn, 24 April 1843.Google Scholar
page 216 note 6 Compton, B., Edward Meyrick Goulburn, Dean of Norwich: a Memoir (1899Google Scholar), Preface, 32–4.
page 217 note 1 E. M. Goulburn, op. cit., 22.
page 217 note 2 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Ibid., No. 70, Golightly to Newman, 5 May 1835.
page 217 note 3 Golightly to Newman, 26 May 1835. For this letter and Newman's comments (of 25 July 1860) see Letters and Correspondence ii. 102–4. Golightly's copy in Lambeth,. Golightly MSS., reads ‘Evangelical’ for ‘peculiar’.Google Scholar
page 217 note 4 Birmingham, Newman MS., Ibid., No. 91, Golightly to Newman, ‘Monday evening’; copy in Lambeth, Golightly MSS., dated 9 May 1836.
page 217 note 5 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Newman to Golightly, 15 May 1836Google Scholar; Birmingham, Newman MSS., Ibid., No. 92, Newman's draft has a passage which he cut out on Golightly's gossiping against him and Pusey.
page 217 note 6 Letters and Correspondence, ii. 165. J. F. Christie to Newman, 3 February 1836.Google Scholar
page 217 note 7 ‘Birmingham, Newman MSS., Ibid., No. 95, Golightly to Newman, 2 June 1836; No. 97, 6 June 1836.
page 217 note 8 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Newman to Golightly, 2, 3 and 6 June 1836Google Scholar; Golightly to Pusey (copy), 17 May 1836.
page 217 note 9 Ibid., Newman to Golightly, 9 February 1837. Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters 1837, Golightly to Newman, 9 February 1837.Google Scholar
page 218 note 1 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters, 1829–36, No. 98, Golightly to Newman, n.d.
page 218 note 2 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to Pusey (copy), 17 May 1836.Google Scholar
page 218 note 3 [Golightly, G. P.], A Letter to the Bishop of Oxford... by a Senior Clergyman of the Diocese, Oxford 1840Google Scholar, 105. For his earlier admiration of Pusey, Letters and Correspondence, ii. 78.
page 218 note 4 This ‘Narrative’ seems to be unfinished. It is in the Golightly MSS. in Lambeth Palace Library.
page 218 note 5 Newman was at Dartington with Froude in August 1835Google Scholar (Letters and Correspondence, ii. 122–3); Maguire dined in Oriel in July (Ibid., 115, 118, 124). He was later Wiseman's vicar-general.
page 218 note 6 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters, 1838Google Scholar. Benjamin Harrison to Newman 20 August 1838, reporting the archbishop's high regard for the ‘Oxford divines’, without going all the way with them.
page 219 note 1 Letters and Correspondence, ii. 147. R. H. Froude to Newman, 21 December 1835.Google Scholar
page 219 note 2 Pusey House, Copeland MSS., Vol. ii. Papers relating to the Oxford Movement, ff. 163–4.
page 219 note 3 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to P. N. Shuttleworth, Bishop of Chichester, 22 October 1840Google Scholar (copy).
page 219 note 5 Ibid., Pusey to Golightly, 23 October 1841.
page 219 note 6 Ibid., Pusey to Golightly, ‘Friday evening’.
page 220 note 1 Tract Ninety, Introduction, 4.
page 220 note 2 Church, Mary G., Life and Letters of Dean Church (ed. 1897Google Scholar), 31. Letters and Correspondence, ii. 329. R. W. Church to Frederic Rogers, 14 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 220 note 3 Apologia, 192–3. Cf. for instance W. Palmer's treatment of the Articles in the widely used A Treatise of the Church of Christ (1838Google Scholar), ii. 258–89.
page 220 note 4 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Box 29 (Tract 90) No. 54, W. Palmer to Newman, 25 March 1841; cf. Correspondence of John Henry Newman with John Keble & others (edited at the Birmingham Oratory, 1917), 105.Google Scholar
page 220 note 5 Ibid., No. 18, J. W. Bowden to Newman, 15 March 1841; Perceval, A. P., A Vindication of the Principles of the Authors of the Tracts for the Times (1841Google Scholar), 18: ‘There are many things in it which I do not understand’. Gf. Apologia, 176–7
page 221 note 1 Ibid., No. 59, Pusey to Newman, 30 March 1841; No. 37, R. W. Jelf to Newman, 18 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 221 note 2 Ibid., No. 13, Wynter to Pusey, 13 March 1841.
page 221 note 3 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Wynter to Golightly, 6 December 1842.Google Scholar
page 221 note 4 [Golightly, G. P.]: Strictures on No. go of the Tracts for the Times by a Member of the University of Oxford (1841Google Scholar), 91.
page 221 note 5 Parliamentary Debates Third Series, Ivi. col. 1239.
page 221 note 6 Ibid., col. 1254.
page 222 note 1 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to the Vice-Chancellor, n.d. (copy): information to prepare him for the Hebdomadal Board, probably sometime in 1841.
page 222 note 2 Correspondence of John Henry Newman, 394. Newman to A. P. Perceval, 12 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 222 note 3 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Miscellaneous Letters, 1840Google Scholar, Golightly to Newman, 21 May 1840Google Scholar; Box 29 (Tract 90), No. 104, Golightly to Newman, 22 October 1841.Google Scholar
page 222 note 4 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to the bishop of London (copy), 9 March; bishop of London to Golightly, 11 and 15 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 222 note 5 Ibid., bishop of Exeter to Golightly, 1 April 1841.
page 222 note 6 Davies, G. G. B., Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter (1954Google Scholar), 171.
page 222 note 7 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., bishop of Chichester to Golightly, 10 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 223 note 1 Gf. E. M. Goulburn, op. cit., 32.
page 223 note 2 Davidson, R. T. and Benham, W., Life of Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (3rd ed. 1891Google Scholar), i. 88–9.
page 223 note 3 Letters and Correspondence, ii. 330; Life and Letters of R. W. Church, 32.
page 223 note 4 Church, R. W., The Oxford Movement (ed. 1922Google Scholar), 276–80; Correspondence of J. H. Newman, 103, bishop of Oxford to Newman, 2 April 1841Google Scholar; Birmingham, Newman MSS., Box 29, No. 59, E. B. Pusey to Newman, 30 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 224 note 1 Correspondence of John Henry Newman, 77, W. Palmer to Newman, 9 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 224 note 2 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., Golightly to M. S. Wale, 22 November 1843.Google Scholar
page 224 note 3 Facts and Documents, 7.
page 224 note 4 Strictures on Number Ninety, 6. The bishop of Chichester took this note as alluding to ‘some measure’ Newman's party were preparing; Lambeth, Golightly MSS., bishop of Chichester to Golightly, 10 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 224 note 5 Middleton, R. D., Newman and Bloxam (1947Google Scholar), 102–11.
page 224 note 6 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., bishop of Winchester to Golightly, 6 October 1841Google Scholar; cf. Golightly to bishop of [unnamed], 3 August 1843Google Scholar (draft).
page 224 note 7 Ibid., G. S. Faber to Golightly, 26 September, 5 December 1842.
page 224 note 8 Ibid., bishop of Lincoln to Golightly, 16 January 1843.
page 225 note 1 Middleton, op. cit., 107.
page 225 note 2 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Box No. 30 (Correspondence with Wiseman &c), No. 32, F. T. Wackerbarth to Newman, 8 July 1841Google Scholar. For Wackerbarth see Middleton, op. cit., 140, 147.
page 225 note 3 Cf. English Historical Review, xliv (1949)Google Scholar, R. W. Greaves, ‘The Jerusalem Bishopric, 1841’, 333; for the numerous Evangelical Societies, Birks, T. R., Memoir of the Rev. Edward Bickersteth, late Rector of Walton, Herts., II (1851), 156Google Scholar; Ibid., 296–7 for an Evangelical's dislike of the ministry in 1845, on the Maynooth issue: of Peel (‘Worldly conservatism’) and of Gladstone (‘superstitious Romanism’). They with Roebuck (‘infidel liberalism’) represented the three unclean spirits of this day, Rev. xvi. 13.
page 225 note 4 Birmingham, Newman MSS., Ibid., No. 37, A. Lisle Phillipps to Newman, 7 February 1842.
page 225 note 5 Newman, J. H., A Letter to the Bishop of Oxford on the Occasion of Tract Ninety, Oxford 1841Google Scholar, 43. In a letter of 11 May 1836 Newman had expressed to H. J. Rose his dislike of Wake's mode of proceeding. Burgon, op. cit. ii. 214.
page 226 note 1 Ward, W. G., A Few Words in Support of Number Ninety (1841Google Scholar), 44.
page 226 note 2 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., C. A. Heurtley to Golightly, 13 December 1841.Google Scholar
page 226 note 3 Tracts for the Times, No. 83, Advent Sermons on Anti-Christ (1838Google Scholar), 11–13.
page 226 note 4 Faber was much concerned to counteract the Tractarians’ use of the periodical press, and sent these letters to the Churchman, of which a new series ‘at the easy rate of 1/– per month, commenced on Jan. 1 1841’. Lambeth, Golightly MSS., G. S. Faber to Golightly, 4 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 226 note 5 Faber, G. S., Provincial Letters from the County Palatine of Durham (1842Google Scholar), 38.
page 226 note 6 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., J. H. Browne to Golightly, 30 April 1842Google Scholar; 18 January 1843. Archdeacon Browne thought, on the other hand, that the language of the Provincial Letters was too violent.
page 227 note 1 Faber, op. cit., Letter III.
page 227 note 2 N. Sykes, op. cit., ii. 16.
page 227 note 3 Wood, A. Skevington, Thomas Haweis 1734–1820 (1957Google Scholar), 221–33.
page 227 note 4 Lambeth, Golightly MSS., G. S. Faber to Golightly, 4 March 1841.Google Scholar
page 227 note 5 Ibid., G. S. Faber to Golightly, 4 March 1841; J. H. Browne to Golightly, 18 January 1843Google Scholar, quoting ‘a brother-in-law of the late Dr. Arnold's’ as writing that ‘these doctrines are not merely what used to be called High Church—a stickling to rubrical forms and Episcopal Government’, and that they ‘controvert, as far as I can see, every principle of my faith which I have imbibed from my childhood and in which I hold the Church of Rome to be in error’.
page 227 note 6 Apologia, 186.
page 227 note 7 Autobiographical Writings, 254.
page 227 note 8 Edinburgh Review (1881Google Scholar), 313–14.
page 227 note 9 Apologia, 293 (‘I am but following almost a consensus of the divines of my own Church’); Golightly MSS., J. H. Browne to Golightly, 28 February 1843Google Scholar; P. S. Dodd to Golightly, 6 March 1843Google Scholar, ‘οἰκονομία and φενακισμς with a vengeance’.
page 228 note 1 Ibid., bishop of Llandaff to Golightly, 1 March 1843.
page 228 note 2 Ibid., J. Mendham to Golightly, 23 March 1843.
page 228 note 3 Ibid., G. S. Faber to Golightly, 26 February 1842.
page 228 note 4 Emden, G. S., Oriel Papers (1948Google Scholar), 168–75.
page 228 note 5 See Church, R. W., The Oxford Movement (1922Google Scholar), 379–84; Mary C. Church, op. cit., 62–7.
page 228 note 6 Goulburn, op. cit., 32.