Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T14:20:41.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Birth weight, biological maturation and obesity in adolescents: a mediation analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2017

A. O. Werneck Open the ORCID record for A. O. Werneck [Opens in a new window] ,
D. R. P. Silva ,
P. J. Collings ,
R. A. Fernandes ,
E. R. V. Ronque ,
M. J. Coelho-e-Silva ,
L. B. Sardinha  and
E. S. Cyrino
A. O. Werneck*
Affiliation:
Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina – UEL, Londrina, Brazil
D. R. P. Silva
Affiliation:
Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina – UEL, Londrina, Brazil
P. J. Collings
Affiliation:
Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
R. A. Fernandes
Affiliation:
Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE). Department of Physical Education. São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
E. R. V. Ronque
Affiliation:
Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina – UEL, Londrina, Brazil
M. J. Coelho-e-Silva
Affiliation:
CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2016). University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
L. B. Sardinha
Affiliation:
Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
E. S. Cyrino
Affiliation:
Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina – UEL, Londrina, Brazil
*
*Address for correspondence: A. O. Werneck, Physical Education Department, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil. (Email [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate associations between birth weight and multiple adiposity indicators in youth, and to examine potential mediating effects by biological maturation. This was a school-based study involving 981 Brazilian adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years. Birth weight was reported retrospectively by mothers. Maturation was estimated by age of peak height velocity. Adiposity indicators included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and percent body fat estimated from triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Multilevel mediation analyses were performed using the Sobel test, adjusted for chronological age, gestational age, cardiorespiratory fitness and socio-economic status. Except for body fat in girls, biological maturation partly or fully mediated (P<0.05) positive relationships between birth weight with all other obesity indicators in both sexes with their respective values of indirect effects with 95% confidence intervals: BMI [boys: 0.44 (0.06–0.82); girls: 0.38 (0.13–0.64)], waist circumference [boys: 1.14 (0.22–2.05); girls: 0.87 (0.26–1.48)] and body fat [boys: 0.60 (0.13–1.07)]. To conclude, birth weight is associated with elevated obesity risk in adolescence and biological maturation seems to at least partly mediate this relationship.

Keywords

adipositypubertysomatic maturationmotar activity
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 8 , Issue 4: Themed Issue: Assisted Reproductive Treatments (ART) and DOHAD , August 2017 , pp. 502 - 507
Check for updates
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Hallal, PC, Andersen, LB, Bull, FC, et al. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012; 380, 247–257.Google Scholar
2. Lee, YS. Consequences of childhood obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2009; 38, 75–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Herman, KM, Craig, CL, Gauvin, L, et al. Tracking of obesity and physical activity from childhood to adulthood: the Physical Activity Longitudinal Study. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2009; 4, 281–288.Google Scholar
4. McAllister, EJ, Dhurandhar, NV, Keith, SW, et al. Ten putative contributors to the obesity epidemic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009; 49, 868–913.Google Scholar
5. Skilton, MR, Siitonen, N, Würtz, P, et al. High birth weight is associated with obesity and increased carotid wall thickness in young adults: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014; 34, 1064–1068.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Johnsson, IW, Haglund, B, Ahlsson, F, et al. A high birth weight is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2015; 10, 77–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Dietz, WH. Periods of risk in childhood for the development of adult obesity – what do we need to learn? J Nutr. 1997; 127, 1884S–1886S.Google Scholar
8. Ahmed, ML, Ong, KK, Dunger, DB. Childhood obesity and the timing of puberty. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 20, 237–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Wang, Y, Dinse, GE, Rogan, WJ. Birth weight, early weight gain and pubertal maturation: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Obes. 2012; 7, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Statistics BIoGa. Gross domestic product of municipalities, 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016 from http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/xtras/perfil.php?codmun=411370&search=parana.Google Scholar
11. Silva, D, Werneck, AO, Collings, P, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness is related to metabolic risk independent of physical activity in boys but not girls from Southern Brazil. Am J Hum Biol. 2016; 28, 534–538.Google Scholar
12. Mirwald, RL, Baxter-Jones, ADG, Bailey, DA, et al. An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002; 34, 689–694.Google ScholarPubMed
13. Gordon, CC, Chumled, WC, Roche, AF. Stature, recumbent length and weight. In Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual (eds. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R), 1988. Human Kinetics Books: Champaign, IL. p. 3–8.Google Scholar
14. Katzmarzyk, PT, Srinivasan, SR, Chen, W, et al. Body mass index, waist circumference, and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a biracial sample of children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004; 114, e198–e205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Harrison, G, Buskirk, E, Carter, L, et al. Skinfold thicknesses and measurement technique. In Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual (eds. Lohman T, Roche A, Martorell R), 1988. Human Kinetics Books: Champaign, IL. p. 55–80.Google Scholar
16. Boileau, RA, Lohman, TG, Slaughter, MH. Exercise body composition in children and youth. Scand J Sport Sci. 1985; 7, 17–27.Google Scholar
17. Baecke, JAH, Burema, J, Frijters, JER. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical-activity in epidemiological-studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36, 936–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Silva, DR, Fernandes, RA, Ohara, D, et al. Correlates of sports practice, occupational and leisure-time physical activity in Brazilian adolescents. Am J Hum Biol. 2016; 28, 112–117.Google Scholar
19. ABEP. Dados com base no Levantamento Socioeconômico, retrieved from www.abep.org/Servicos/Download.aspx?id=08. Accessed in 20 January 2016.Google Scholar
20. Leger, LA, Mercier, D, Gadoury, C, et al. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci. 1988; 6, 93–101.Google Scholar
21. Baron, RM, Kenny, DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986; 51, 1173–1182.Google Scholar
22. Krull, JL, MacKinnon, DP. Multilevel modeling of individual and group level mediated effects. Multivariate Behav Res. 2001; 36, 249–277.Google Scholar
23. Preacher, KJ, Hayes, AF. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2004; 36, 717–731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Whitaker, RC, Dietz, WH. Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity. J Pediatr. 1998; 132, 768–776.Google Scholar
25. Yu, ZB, Han, SP, Zhu, GZ, et al. Birth weight and subsequent risk of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2011; 12, 525–542.Google Scholar
26. Chiavaroli, V, Derraik, JG, Hofman, PL, et al. Born large for gestational age: bigger is not always better. J Pediatr. 2016; 170, 307–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Seminara, SB, Messager, S, Chatzidaki, EE, et al. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349, 1614–1627.Google Scholar
28. Colledge, WH. GPR54 and kisspeptins. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2008; 46, 117–143.Google Scholar
29. Werneck, AO, Silva, DR, Souza, MF, et al. Correlates of blood pressure according to early, on time, and late maturation in adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2016; 18, 424–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. Boyne, MS, Thame, M, Osmond, C, et al. The effect of earlier puberty on cardiometabolic risk factors in Afro-Caribbean children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 27, 453–460.Google Scholar
31. Klein, KO, Baron, J, Colli, MJ, et al. Estrogen-levels in childhood determined by an ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay. J Clin Invest. 1994; 94, 2475–2480.Google Scholar
32. Lustig, RH, Sen, S, Soberman, JE, et al. Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction. Int J Obes. 2004; 28, 1344–1348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33. Jasik, CB, Lustig, RH. Adolescent obesity and puberty: the “perfect storm”. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008; 1135, 265–279.Google Scholar
34. Pietiläinen, KH, Kaprio, J, Borg, P, et al. Physical inactivity and obesity: a vicious circle. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008; 16, 409–414.Google Scholar
35. Hildebrand, M, Kolle, E, Hansen, BH, et al. Association between birth weight and objectively measured sedentary time is mediated by central adiposity: data in 10,793 youth from the International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; 101, 983–990.Google Scholar
36. Oglund, GP, Hildebrand, M, Ekelund, U. Are birth weight, early growth, and motor development determinants of physical activity in children and youth? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2015; 27, 441–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Collings, PJ, Brage, S, Ridgway, CL, et al. Physical activity intensity, sedentary time, and body composition in preschoolers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 97, 1020–1028.Google Scholar
38. Moliner-Urdiales, D, Ruiz, JR, Vicente-Rodriguez, G, et al. Associations of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness with total and central body fat in adolescents: the HELENA Study. Br J Sports Med. 2011; 45, 101–108.Google Scholar
39. Carson, V, Rinaldi, RL, Torrance, B, et al. Vigorous physical activity and longitudinal associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014; 38, 16–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40. Malina, RM, Bouchard, C, Bar-Or, O. Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity, 2nd edn, 2004. Human Kinetics, 728pp.Google Scholar
41. Adegboye, AR, Heitmann, B. Accuracy and correlates of maternal recall of birthweight and gestational age. BJOG. 2008; 115, 886–893.Google Scholar
42. O’Sullivan, JJ, Pearce, MS, Parker, L. Parental recall of birth weight: how accurate is it? Arch Dis Child. 2000; 82, 202–203.Google Scholar
43. Swinburn, BA, Sacks, G, Hall, KD, et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet. 2011; 378, 804–814.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44. Fleiss, JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 2nd edn, 1981. John Wiley and Son: New York.Google Scholar