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Protection of bovine mammary epithelial cells by a nanoemulsion of the medicinal herb Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC and its capacity of permeation through mammary epithelium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2022

Gabriela T. Pinheiro Machado ,
Maria B. Veleirinho ,
Roberto G. Ferreira ,
Carine Zuglianello ,
Elenara Lemos-Senna  and
Shirley Kuhnen
Gabriela T. Pinheiro Machado
Affiliation:
Biochemistry and Natural Products Laboratory (LABINAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
Maria B. Veleirinho
Affiliation:
Biochemistry and Natural Products Laboratory (LABINAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
Roberto G. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Biochemistry and Natural Products Laboratory (LABINAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
Carine Zuglianello
Affiliation:
Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
Elenara Lemos-Senna
Affiliation:
Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
Shirley Kuhnen*
Affiliation:
Biochemistry and Natural Products Laboratory (LABINAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Shirley Kuhnen, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The low levels of toxicity and cytoprotective effect attributed to Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC, a medicinal plant native to South America, are of interest for bovine mastitis therapy. This research paper reports the hypothesis that a nanoemulsion of macela extract (Achyrocline satureioides) exerts protective effects on bovine mammary alveolar cells -T (MAC-T) and increases the permeation of flavonoid compounds through mammary epithelium. Extract-loaded nanoemulsions (2.5 mg/ml) (NE-ML) (n = 4) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization with varying concentrations of flaxseed oil and Tween 80. Permeation and retention of free and nanoencapsulated quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin and luteolin were performed on mammary glandular epithelium using Franz diffusion cells. The cell viability was evaluated on mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T lineage) using the MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) after exposure to loaded and blank nanoemulsions (NE-ML and NE-BL). Necrotic or apoptotic cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry after exposure to nanoemulsions (NE-ML and NE-BL). Subsequently, the cell death was assessed by previously treating MAC-T cells with NE-ML for 23 h, followed by exposure to H2O2 (2 mM) for 1 h. Higher permeation of quercetin and 3-O-methylquercetin in NE-ML was found compared to that of free extract with a final permeated amount of 50.7 ± 3.2 and 111.2 ± 0.6 μg/cm2 compared to 35.0 ± 0.6 and 48.9 ± 1.2, respectively. For NE-BL, the IC50 was at least 1.3% (v/v), while for the NE-ML, it was at least 2.6% (v/v). After exposure to NE-ML (5 and 1.2%, v/v), the percentage of apoptotic cells was reduced (±30%). For the H2O2 assay, the percentage of cells in necrosis was reduced by 40% after exposure to NE-ML1% (v/v) + H2O2 2 mM. The protective effects and increased permeation of macela nanoemulsion make this a promising new candidate for bovine mastitis therapy.

Keywords

Apoptosisbovine mastitiscytoprotectionflavonoidspermeation
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 89 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 80 - 85
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hannah Dairy Research Foundation

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