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Popularity in Early Modern England (ca. 1580–1642): Looking Again at Thing and Concept

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2019

Cesare Cuttica
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Abstract

An important object of study in the historiography of early modern England, popularity has been examined in relation to figures such as the Earl of Essex and the Duke of Buckingham. It has been equally accounted for as the activity of MPs who fostered the cause of patriotic and freeborn Englishmen during the absolutist reigns of the early Stuarts. Popularity has also been dealt with when addressing resistance theory and people's power in pre-societal arrangements (“popular power”) and with regard to the popular component within a mixed government (“popular sovereignty”). Far less studied is another meaning of popularity, identified with direct democracy and its practices (“popular government”). This article shows how a large portion of public debate between the 1580s and 1642 focused on what were perceived as the threats of democratic strategies pursued by various (subversive) actors in England. Besides setting forth a revised understanding of the pejorative “popular” that distinguishes it from constitutional (republican) meanings on the one hand and from elite or royal popularity seeking on the other, this article unearths usages that presented it as an anarchic empowerment of the meanest of people—neither a mere theoretical sovereignty nor a mere right to be represented by one body in a mixed regime. Considering a composite range of sources and analyzing political, social, and, above all, ecclesiastical controversies, the article explains what democratic popularity was thought to stand for, who its exponents were, and how it was attacked from a wide spectrum of perspectives.

Type
Original Manuscript
Information
Journal of British Studies , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 1 - 27
Copyright
Copyright © The North American Conference on British Studies 2019 

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162 This was to be so in conjunction with notions of representative democracy and popular accountability formulated by such pamphleteers as John Streater.

163 All of this explains why democracy remained a dirty word well into the nineteenth century. See, for example, Saunders, Robert, “Democracy,” in Languages of Politics in Nineteenth-Century Britain, ed. Craig, David and Thompson, James (Basingstoke, 2013), 142–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar, esp. 142–44.