Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:40:06.840Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Disability-free life expectancy at old ages in Egypt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2020

Soha Metwally Open the ORCID record for Soha Metwally [Opens in a new window]
Soha Metwally*
Affiliation:
Department of Demography and Biostatistics, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research#, Cairo University, Egypt
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate among the older population in Egypt (aged 60 years and over): 1) disability prevalence rates, their levels of severity and the common types and 2) disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by sex, age and disability type. Data were from the nationally representative 2016 Household Observatory Survey (HOS-2016), with 4658 persons aged 60+ constituting the study sample population. To identify individuals with disabilities, the HOS asked respondents a short set of questions on functional difficulties, as suggested by the United Nations Washington Group on Disability Statistics. The DFLE was estimated using the Sullivan method. Older (60+) women reported a higher prevalence of disability than older men. Women had longer DFLEs and longer disabled life expectancies (DLEs) than men but had lower proportions of DFLE to their total lifetime. The findings suggest that, at age 60, around 30% of life expectancy in Egypt can be expected to be with limitations in mobility and vision. Men, although they live for fewer years than women, can expect to have a greater proportion of their life expectancy free of disability. The findings of the study suggest that the contextual differences in how the process of ageing is experienced need to be considered by decision-makers when designing gender-responsive health policies.

Keywords

Disability-Free Life ExpectancyOld ageEgypt
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 53 , Issue 2 , March 2021 , pp. 290 - 304
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

#

Previously called the ‘Institute of Statistical Studies and Research’.

References

AIHW (2012) Changes in life expectancy and disability in Australia 1998 to 2009. AIHW Bulletin No. III. AUS 166. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.Google Scholar
Albrecht, GL and Verbrugge, LM (2000) The global emergence of disability. In Albrecht, R and Scrimshaw, SC (eds) The Handbook of Social Studies in Health and Medicine. Sage, London.Google Scholar
CAPMAS (2018) Labour Force Survey. Analytical Report. Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Cairo, Egypt.Google Scholar
El-Shabrawy, AH (2013) Status of aged people in Egypt: analytical analysis [in Arabic]. Master’s thesis, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Cairo University.Google Scholar
ESCWA (2018) Disability in the Arab Region 2018. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, E/ESCWA/SDD/2018/1.Google Scholar
Hashimoto, S, Kawado, M, Seko, R, Murakami, Y, Hayashi, M, Kato, M et al. (2010) Trends in disability-free life expectancy in Japan, 1995–2004. Japan Epidemiological Association 20(4), 308–312.Google Scholar
Imai, K and Soneji, S (2007) On the estimation of disability-free life expectancy: Sullivan’s method and its extension. Journal of the American Statistical Association 102, 1199–1211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jagger, C (2015) Trends in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Future of an ageing population: evidence review. Foresight, Government Office for Science. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/464275/gs-15-13-future-ageing-trends-life-expectancy-er12.pdf (accessed 20th April 2019).Google Scholar
Jagger, C and Robine, JM (2011) Healthy life expectancy. In Rogers, RG and Crimmins, EM (eds) International Handbook of Adult Mortality. Springer, London, Ch. 26.Google Scholar
Khadr, Z (2012) Status of the aging population. In Zaky, H (ed.) Population Status in Egypt: A Way Forward. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and Evidence-Based Population Policy (EPDI).Google Scholar
Khadr, Z and Yount, K (2012) Differences in self-reported physical limitation among older women and men in Ismailia, Egypt. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 67(5), 605–617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krafft, C, Assaad, R and Rahman, K (2019). Introducing the Egypt labour market panel survey 2018. Working Paper No. 1360. Economic Research Forum (ERF), Egypt.Google Scholar
Lamb, VL (1997) Gender differences in correlates of disablement among the elderly in Egypt. Social Science & Medicine 45(1), 127–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamb, VL, Myers, GC and Andrews, GR (1994) Healthy life expectancy of the elderly in eastern Mediterranean countries. In Mathers, CD, McCallum, J and Robine, JM (eds) Advances in Health Expectancies. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, pp. 383–391.Google Scholar
Liu, J, Chen, G, Song, X, Chi, I and Zheng, S (2009) Trends in disability-free life expectancy among Chinese older adults. Journal of Aging and Health 21, 266–285.Google ScholarPubMed
Mandich, S and Margolis, R (2014) Changes in disability-free life expectancy in Canada between 1994 and 2007. Canadian Studies in Population 41, 192–208.Google Scholar
Mathers, CD, Murray, C, Lopez, AD, Salomon, JA, Sadana, R, Tandon, A et al. (2001) Estimates of healthy life expectancy for 191 countries in the year 2000: methods and results. Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper No. 38. World Health Organization, Geneva.Google Scholar
Ministry of Health and Population, El-Zanaty and Associates and ICF International (2015) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Ministry of Health and Population and ICF International, Cairo, Egypt, and Rockville, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Molina, T (2016) Reporting heterogeneity and health disparities across gender and education levels: evidence from four countries. Demography 53(2), 295–323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mont, D (2007) Measuring disability prevalence. SP Discussion Paper No.0706. The World Bank.Google Scholar
Nguyen, LT, Saito, Y, Phan, M and Nguyen, N (2012) Health expectancy and its variations in Vietnam. Paper presented in 24 th REVES meeting, Taichung, Taiwan. URL: http://reves.site.ined.fr/en/ (accessed 8th November 2019).Google Scholar
Ritchie, K and Polge, C (2003) Mental health expectancy. In Robine, JM et al. (eds) Determining Health Expectancies. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 175–182.Google Scholar
Robine, JM, Jagger, C and Egidi, V (2000) Selection of a Coherent Set of Health Indicators: A First Step Towards a User’s Guide to Health Expectancies for the European Union. Euro-REVES, Montpellier, France.Google Scholar
Santosa, A, Schroders, J, Vaezghasemi, M and Nawi, N (2016) Inequality in disability-free life expectancies among older men and women in six countries with developing economics. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 70, 855–861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, DF (1971) A single index of mortality and morbidity. HSMHA Health Reports 86, 347–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tareque, I, Begum, S and Saito, Y (2013) Gender differences in disability-free life expectancy at old ages in Bangladesh. Journal of Aging and Health 25, 1299–1312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UN-DESA (2017) World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision; Key Findings and Advance Tables. UN-Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, ESA/P/WP/248.Google Scholar
UN-WG (2008) Development of an Internationally Comparable Disability Measure for Censuses. UN-Washington Group on Disability Statistics (UN-WG), National Centre for Health Statistics. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/washington_group/meeting8/NSO_report.pdf (accessed 24th March 2019).Google Scholar
Yount, K and Agree, E (2005) Differences in disabilities among older women and men in Egypt and Tunisia. Demography 42, 169–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yount, K and Khadr, Z (2008) Gender, social change, and living arrangements among older Egyptians during the 1990s. Population Research and Policy Review 27, 201–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar