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France in Cochinchina: The Question of Retrocession 1862–651

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

R. Stanley Thomson
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Extract

Present disturbed relations between France and the republic of Vietnam add a special significance to the story of how near France came, in 1863 and 1864, to abandoning her colony in Cochinchina. It was by using as a base the three southern provinces of Cochinchina (Basse Cochinchine) which she had conquered from Annam that France subsequently established her protectorate over Cambodia, annexed the remaining three provinces of Cochinchina, and eventually extended her suzerainty over Annam, Tonkin, and Laos. Had she not decided to remain in Cochinchina, therefore, it is doubtful if she would have attained the rank, of an important imperial power in the Far East.

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Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 6 , Special Issue 4: French Indochina , August 1947 , pp. 364 - 378
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1947

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References

2 Annales du Sénal el du Corps Législatif, 1866 (hereafter referred to as Annales), Corps Ltfgislatif, Mar. C, vol. 2, p. 114.

3 Annales, 1862. Sénat, Feb. 27, vol. 1, p. 318.

4 Ibid. Corps Législatif, Mar. 13, vol. 2, pp. 165–66.

5 Ibid., p. 167.

6 Ibid., p. 168.

7 MSS. Ministère des Colonies, Cliasseloup-Laubat to Admiral Grandiere, Sept. 17, 1863. Copy.

8 MSS. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Asie 28: Indo-Chine 2, 1862–1863 (hereafter referred to as Asie 28), p. 221, Bonard to Drouyn de Lluiys, Dec. 18, 1862.

9 Ibid., p. 286, Bonard to Drouyn de Lhuys, Jan. 14, 1863.

10 Ibid., pp. 225–29, minister of commerce of Annam to Bonard, Nov. 2, 1862.

11 Ibid., p. 287, Bonard to Drouyn de Lhuys, Jan. 14, 1863.

12 Ibid., p. 223, Bonard to Drouyn de Lhuys, Dec. 18, 1862, postscript, Dec. 20, 1862.

13 Ibid., pp. 287–88, Bonard to Drouyn de Lhuys, Jan. 14, 1863.

14 Ibid., p. 290, Bonard to Drouyn de Lhuys, Jan. 14, 1863, annex.

15 Ibid., p. 326, Bonard to Drouyn de Lhuys, Jan. 27,1863, annex.

16 Ibid., pp. 432–36, Tu Due, Emperor of Annam to Napoleon III.

17 Ibid., p. 493, agency of Foreign Office at Marseilles to Drouyn de Lhuys, Sept. 12, 1863.

18 Ibid., p. 516, Drouyn de Lhuys to Chasseloup-Laubat, Nov. 2, 1863; also, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères,Asie 29: Indo-Chine 3, 1864–1866 (hereafter referred to as Asie 29), p. 46, Drouyn de Lhuys to Grandiere, Jan. 9, 1864.

19 Asie 28, p. 52S, translation of acknowledgment by Annamese ambassadors of receipt of treaties of peace and commerce and navigation, Nov. 7, 1863.

20 Asie 29, p. 46, Drouyn de Lhuys to Admiral Grandière, Jan. 9, 1864.

21 Asie 28, pp. 507–12, Note for Drouyn de Lhuys prepared by M. Herbet, Oct. 12, 1863.

22 Asie 29, pp. 23–28, Bonard to Emperor Napoleon.

23 Ibid., pp. 103, 94, Extracts from letters of Grandiere, Jnne 8, 1864, and May 30, 1864.

He also recommends seizure of the three remaining provinces in a letter of Nov. 6, 1863 (see Asie 28, p. 520).

24 Ministere des Colonies, Chasseloup-Laubat to Grandière, Sept. 17, 1863. Copy.

25 Asie 28, p. 634, Aubaret to Drouyn de Lhuys, Dec. 29, 1863.

26 Ibid., pp. 455–64, Aubaret, memoir concerning Cochincliina, July 15, 1863.

27 Asie 29, pp. 44–48, Drouyn de Lhuys to Admiral Grandière, January 9, 1864.

28 Annales 1864, vol. 4, p. 78.

29 Ibid., vol. 3, p. 297.

30 Ibid., Corps Législatif, May 18, vol. 7, pp. 303–05.

31 Ibid., p. 306.

32 Ibid., p. 305.

33 Asie 29, pp. 99, Drouyn de Lhuys to Chasseloup-Laubat, June 6, 1864.

34 Ibid., p. 165, Aubaret to Drouyn de Lhuys, July 24, 1864.

35 Ibid., pp. 105–38, 142–48, Aubaret to Drouyn de Lhuys, June 18, 1864, June 20, 1861, June 24, 1864, July 16, 1864, July 18, 1864. The treaty negotiated by Aubaret, together with the original version, is found in Asie 29, pp. 119–34.

36 Ibid., pp. 136–37, Aubaret to Drouyn de Lhuys, July 16, 1864.

37 Annales 1864. Corps Législatif, May 18, vol. 7, p. 305.

38 Asie 29, pp. 265, 266, Grandière to Drouyn de Lhuys, Jan. 29, 1865, and Grandière to Chasseloup-Laubat, Jan. 30, 1865.

39 Ibid., pp. 266 and annex and p. 269, Grandière to Chasseloup-Laubat, Jan. 30, 1865; letter from Annamese minister of commerce to Grandière.

40 Ibid., p. 266, Grandière to Chasseloup-Laubat, Jan. 30,1865.

41 Ibid., pp. 196–228, note of Chasseloup-Laubat, Nov. 4, 1864.

42 Ibid., p. 265, Grandière to Drouyn de Lhuys, Jan. 29,1865.