Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T03:09:52.291Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rural Industry, Growth Linkages, and Economic Development in Nineteenth-Century Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

Penelope Francks
Get access

Extract

In recent years, a considerable change has taken place in the way in which analysts of economic development have come to understand the nature of the growth process in rural areas and the relations between agricultural and nonagricultural activity as industrialization takes place. Growing awareness of the significance of nonagricultural activities in rural areas, of rural industrialization, and of the “livelihood diversification strategies” adopted by rural households has prompted this shift in understanding (Ellis 1998, 1–2). The strict agriculture/industry divide of standard dual-economy models has been broken down, and scholars have recognized the implications, both theoretical and policy-related, of the existence and development of the “pluriactive” rural household that derives its income from a variety of sources alongside agriculture. Various ways of analyzing the nature and implications of agriculture/industry interaction within rural areas, and the economic activities of rural households that underlie them, have been developed, but central to much of the work on the issue has been a model of the “growth linkages” between agricultural and nonagricultural activity. This model seeks to demonstrate how backward and forward linkages between growth in agricultural output and the expansion of manufacturing activity in rural areas operate to produce a “virtuous circle” of expanding employment opportunities, rising and often quite equally distributed rural incomes, and improving standards of living.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 61 , Issue 1 , February 2002 , pp. 33 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Kaichi, Arashi. 1975. Kinsei inasaku gijitsu shi (The modern history of rice cultivation technology). Tokyo: Nōsangyōson Bunka Kyōkai.Google Scholar
Chang, Kyung-Sup. 1993. “The Peasant Family in Transition from Maoist to Lewisian Rural Industrialisation.” Journal of Development Studies 29(2): 220–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawcour, E. Syndey. 1997. “Economic Change in the Nineteenth Century.” In The Economic Emergence of Modern Japan, edited by Yamamura, Kozo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reprinted from The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 5, edited by Marius Jansen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Dore, Ronald. 1960. “Agricultural Improvement in Japan.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 9 (1, Part 2): 69–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, Frank. 1998. “Household Strategies and Rural Livelihood Diversification.” Journal of Development Studies 35(1): 1–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esenbel, Selçuk. 1998. Even the Gods Rebel. Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Evans, Hugh Emrys. 1992. “A Virtuous Circle Model of Rural-Urban Development: Evidence from a Kenyan Small Town and its Hinterland.” Journal of Development Studies 28(4): 640–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fruin, W. Mark. 1983. Kikkoman: Company, Clan, and Community. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Grabowski, Richard. 1995. “Commercialization, Nonagricultural Production, Agricultural Innovation, and Economic Development.” Journal of Developing Areas 30: 41–62.Google Scholar
Haggblade, Steven, Hazell, Peter, and Brown, James. 1989. “Farm-Nonfarm Linkages in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Development 17(8): 1173–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanley, Susan. 1997. Everyday Things in Premodern Japan. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanley, Susan, and Yamamura, Kozo. 1977. Economic and Demographic Change in Preindustrial Japan, 1600–1868. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hart, Gillian. 1998. “Regional Linkages in the Era of Liberalization: A Critique of the New Agrarian Optimism.” Development and Change 29: 27–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, William B. 1974. Economic Institutional Change in Tokugawa Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Akira, Hayami and Matao, Miyamoto. 1988. “Gaisetsu” (Introduction). In Keizai shakai no seiritsu (The establishment of economic society), Nihon keizai shi (The history of the Japanese economy) Vol. 1, edited by Akira, Hayami and Matao, Miyamoto. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Hayami, Yujiro, and Yamada, Saburo. 1991. The Agricultural Development of Japan. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.Google Scholar
Howell, David L. 1992. “Proto-Industrial Origins of Japanese Capitalism.” Journal of Asian Studies 51(2): 269–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymer, Stephen, and Resnick, Stephen. 1969. “A Model of an Agrarian Economy with Non-Agricultural Activities.” American Economic Review 59: 493–506.Google Scholar
Kalland, Arne. 1995. Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.Google Scholar
Karshenas, Massoud. 1995. Industrialization and Agricultural Surplus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, John. 1999. “Trade and Economy in Pre-industrial East Asia, c.1500–c.1800.” Journal of Asian Studies 58(1): 2–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellor, John W. 1976. The New Economics of Growth. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mody, Ashoka, Mundle, Sudipto, and Raj, K. N.. 1985. “Resource Flows from Agriculture: Japan and India.” In Japan and the Developing Countries, edited by Ohkawa, Kazushi and Ranis, Gustav. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Morris-Suzuki, Tessa. 1994. The Technological Transformation of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nakamura, Takafusa. 1983. Economic Growth in Prewar Japan. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nghiep, Le Thanh, and Hayami, Yujiro. 1991. “The Trade-Off between Food and Industrial Crops: Summer-Fall Rearing of Cocoons.” In The Agricultural Development of Japan, edited by Hayami, Yujiro and Yamada, Saburo. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.Google Scholar
Shunsaku, Nishlkawa. 1990. “Zairai sangyō to kindai sangyō” (Traditional industry and modern industry). In Sangyōka no jidai 1 (The era of industrialization 1), Nihon keizai shi (The history of the Japanese economy) Vol. 4, edited by Shunsuke, Nishikawa and Takeshi, Abe. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Kōnosuke, Odaka. 1988. “Yotei” (Introduction). In Bakumatsu Meiji no Nihon keizai (The Japanese economy in the late Tokugawa and Meiji Periods), edited by Kōnosuke, Odaka and Yūzō, Yamamoto. Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha.Google Scholar
Ohkawa, Kazushi, and Rosovsky, Henry. 1961. “The Indigenous Components in the Modern Japanese Economy.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 9(3): 476–501.Google Scholar
Ohkawa, Kazushi, and Shinohara, Mihoyei, eds. 1979. Patterns of Japanese Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Otsuka, Keijiro. 1998. “Rural Industrialization in East Asia.” In The Institutional Foundations of East Asian Economic Development, edited by Hayami, Yujiro and Aoki, Masahiko. Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Pei, Xiaolin. 1998. “Rural Industry-Institutional Aspects of China's Economic Transformation.” In Village Ine: Chinese Rural Society in the 1990s, edited by Christiansen, Flemming and Junzuo, Zhang. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.Google Scholar
Platt, Brian W. 2000. “Elegance, Prosperity, Crisis: Three Generations of Tokugawa Village Elites.” Monumenta Nipponica 55(1): 45–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, Edward E. 1999. Japan's Protoindustrial Elite: The Economic Foundations of the Gōnō. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Ranis, Gustav, and Stewart, Frances. 1993. “Rural Non-Agricultural Activities in Development.” Journal of Development Economics 40, 75–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravina, Mark. 1999. Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigg, Jonathan. 1997. Southeast Asia. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Luke S. 1998. Mercantilism in a Japanese Domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osamu, Saitō. 1985. Purotogyōka no jidai (The era of proto-industrialization). Tokyo: Nihon Hyōronsha.Google Scholar
Osamu, Saitō. 1986. “The Rural Economy: Commercial Agriculture, By-Employment and Wage-Work.” In Japan in Transition from Tokugawa to Meiji, edited by Jansen, Marius and Rozman, Gilbert. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Osamu, SaitŌ and Masayuki, Tanimoto. 1989. “Zairai sangyō no saihensei” (The reorganization of traditional industry). In Kaikōto ishin (The opening of the ports and the Restoration), Nihon keizai shi (The history of the Japanese economy) Vol. 3, edited by Mataji, Umemura and Yūzō, Yamamoto. Tokyo: Iwananmi Shoten.Google Scholar
Hiroshi, Shinpo and Osamu, Saitō. 1989. “Gaisetsu” (Introduction). In Kindai seichō no taidō (The beginnings of modern growth), Nihon keizai shi Vol. 2, edited by Hiroshi, Shinpo and Osamu, Saitō. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Slater, Richard. 1991. From Farm to Firm: Rural Diversification in the Asian Countryside. Aldershot: Avebury.Google Scholar
Smethurst, Richard J. 1986. Agricultural Development and Tenancy Disputes in Japan, 1870–1940. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Thomas C. 1988a. “Farm Family By-Employments in Pre-Industrial Japan.” In Native Sources of Japanese Industrialization 1750–1920. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. First published in Journal of Economic History 29:4 (1969), 697–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Thomas C. 1988b. “Premodern Economic Growth: Japan and the West.” In Native Sources of Japanese Industrialization 1750–1920. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. First published in Past and Present, 60 (1973), 127–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugiyama, Shinya. 1988. Japan's Industrialization in the World Economy 1859–1899. London: Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Masayuki, Tanimoto. 1998. “Zairai sangyō to nōson rōdōryoku” (Traditional industry and the rural labor force). In Nihon no keizai hatten to zairai sangyō (Traditional industry and the development of the Japanese economy), edited by Takafusa, Nakamura. Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppansha.Google Scholar
Toby, Ronald. 1991. “Both a Borrower and a Lender Be.” Monumenta Nipponica 46(4): 483–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tussing, Arlon. 1970. “The Labor Force in Meiji Economic Growth.” In Agriculture and Economic Growth: Japan's Experience, edited by Ohkawa, Kazushi, Johnston, Bruce, and Kaneda, Hiromitsu. Princeton: Princeton University Press; Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.Google Scholar
Mataji, Umemura and Yūzō, Yamamoto. 1989. “Gaisetsu” (Introduction). In Kaikō to ishin (The opening of the ports and the Restoration), Nihon keizai shi (The history of the Japanese economy) Vol. 3, edited by Mataji, Umemura and Yōzō, Yamamoto. Tokyo: Iwananmi Shoten.Google Scholar
Mataji, Umemura, Saburō, Yamada, Yūjirō, Hayami, Nobukiyo, Takamatsu, and Minoru, Kumazaki. 1966. Chōki keizai tōkei 9: nōringyō (Long-term economic statistics 9: Agriculture and forestry). Tokyo: Tōyō Keizai Shinposha.Google Scholar
Vlastos, Stephen. 1986. Peasant Protests and Uprisings in Tokugawa Japan. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Walthall, Anne. 1991. “The Life-Cycle of Farm Women in Tokugawa Japan.” In Recreating Japanese Women, 1600–1945, edited by Bernstein, Gail Lee. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Waswo, Ann. 1977. Japanese Landlords. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
White, James W. 1995. Ikki: Social Conflict and Political Protest in Early Modern Japan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wigen, Kären. 1995. The Making of a Japanese Periphery, 1750–1920. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazuo, Yamaguchi. 1963. Meiji zenki keizai no bunseki (A study of the early Meiji economy). Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppansha.Google Scholar
Yamamura, Kozo. 1986. “The Meiji Land Tax Reform and its Effects.” In Japan in Transition from Tokugawa to Meiji, edited by Jansen, Marius and Rozman, Gibert. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zhou, Kate Xiao. 1996. How the Farmers Changed China. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar