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Fudai Daimyo and the Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Conrad Totman
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In Treasures among Men; the Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Japan (Yale, 1974), Harold Bolitho has discussed the role of the fudai daimyo in the functioning and collapse of the Tokugawa polity, arguing in fine that their conduct during the 1860's was dictated by their concern for the security of their han. This concern, he argues, led them to refuse to assist the bakufu even in its moment of supreme crisis. He sees this outcome as the final expression of an enduring situation in which the interests of fudai daimyo were in permanent conflict with the interests of the bakufu.

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Articles
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The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , May 1975 , pp. 581 - 591
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Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1975

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References

1 In this paper I footnote statements based upon specific single references but not generalizations based upon assemblages of discrete data. The latter derive mostly from entries in Ishin shiryō kōyō (ISK) (Tokyo, 1967)Google Scholar and Dai Nihon ishin shiryō kōhon (DNISK) (unpublished manuscript collection, Shiryō hensanjo, Tokyo University) and are noted in the larger study underlying most of the arguments advanced here.Google Scholar

2 DNISK 1520 n.p. [ISK IV:178:2:a]. DNISK 1541 n.p. [ISK IV:202:2:a] Junzaburō, Hayakawa, ed., Kanbu tsuki I, 282 (Tokyo, 1913 The DNISK citations require explanation. In 1969 when I was at Tokyo University reading in the volumes (kan) of DNISK covering the period to 1865, the volumes were unpaginatcd. To facilitate the location of entries, the footnotes used here include a correlation with the relevant entry in ISK, which is in effect a published ten-volume summary of conients of DNISK. Thus the correlation ISK IV;178:2:a means, in reverse order, the first source listed {Goseijimuki gokjokaku no todome) under the second full topic entry (“gan-noma etc. etc.”) on page 178 of volume four. Locating the same topic entry in the indicated DNISK k.an. one can then usually locate the selection from the source cited without difficulty.Google Scholar

3 DNISK 1524 n.p. [ISK IV: 183:2:a,b,l].

4 DNISK 1765 n.p. [ISK IV:467:2:b,c,d,e,h]. DNISK 1770 n.p. [ISK IV:477:4:c]. Kanbu tsuki I. 494–495. 575–579.

5 DNISK 2005 n.p. [ISK V:280:4:b]. Leaders of Utsunomiya and Tsuchiura appear 10 have been active in this petition.

6 Masanaga, Katsube, Sannosuke, Matsumoto, Yūjirō, ŋguchi, comp., Katsu Kaishū zenshū v. 18, p. 393 (Tokyo, 1972).Google Scholar

7 I have encountered no direct evidence to support this view. My research has not focused on non-office holding fudai motivation, and so I have had no cause to look for any. I present this inter-prctation here because it seems to fit other data on daimyo behavior in 1867 and in later years better than other interpretations. Perhaps if some scholars look for evidence, it will turn up.

8 zenshiū, Katsu Kaishū v. 18, p. 391. Hayakawa Tunzaburo, publ., Yodo Inaba ke monjo, pp. 489–490 (Tokyo, 1926).Google Scholar

9 DNISK 2922, p. 70–71. Most DNISK volumes were paginated when I returned to use them in 1972, but in my notes I did not distinguish front and rear of pages, and so page citations given here include both sides.

10 DNISK 2992, p. 23.

11 DNISK 2997, p. 151. Masanaga, Kitahara, Shichinenshi II (VI), 44–46 (Tokyo, 1904).Google ScholarEiichi, Shi-busawa, Tokugawa Yoshinobu-kō den IV, p. 139 (Tokyo, 1917). The Shichinenshi version uses the term kika rather than gokenin. Shichinenshi is bound in two volumes but retains the original separate pagination by fan. The Roman numerals put in parentheses here identify the kan by number, each bound volume being numbered separately.Google Scholar

12 DNISK 2997, p. 61–63; 3001, p. 24–25; 3003, p. 68–74; 3004, p. 7–11. Shichinenshi II (VI), p. 47.

13 DNISK 3023, p. 67–80, 125ft. Shibusawa IV, 163 and subsequently Ishinshi V, 67 (Tokyo, 1939) seem to have confused this order with Yoshinobu's order to Matiudaira Kalamori on 12/5 not to lobby at Court about the Chōshū matter.Google Scholar

14 DNISK 3062, p. 96–97.

15 DNISK 3062, p. 98ff.