Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T20:51:24.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The political theorist, Fujita Shōzō: between his sense of hope (kibō) and his sense of despair (zetsubō)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 July 2018

Takamichi Sakurai*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

In this article, I describe an important aspect of the intellectual tradition of Japanese political theory while focusing on the Japanese scholar Fujita Shōzō’s political and scholarly activities. Not surprisingly, he has been chiefly considered a thinker or a historian of ideas, due to his being a pupil of Japan's brightest political scientist, Maruyama Masao. It must be stressed, however, that his scholarly works do not confine his academic scope to their ingredients; they are composed of theoretical requisites for the disciplinary activity of political theory, as can be seen particularly in his early contributions. He requires his theory to constitute integral aspects of practice, experience and perspective on the basis of his political concerns and practices in terms of detachment realism. From this perspective, I explore how Fujita changed his primary purpose from criticising Japan's ‘Tennō system’ (Tennōsei) to criticising its ‘high-speed growth’ (kōdo seichō) by highlighting the psychological transformation of his self-critical and self-reflective political thinking and acting according to his optimistic state of ‘hope’ (kibō) and his pessimistic state of ‘despair’ (zetsubō), especially in terms of his early work.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baderin, A (2014) Two forms of realism in political theory. European Journal of Political Theory 13, 132153.Google Scholar
Brown, W (2010) Political theory is not a luxury: a response to Timothy Kaufman-Osborn's ‘Political Theory as a Profession’. Political Research Quarterly 63, 680685.Google Scholar
Cho, S-E (2012) ‘Kōdo seichō’ hantai: Fujita Shōzō to ‘1960 nen’ igo no jidai (A protest against Japan's high-speed growth: Fujita Shōzō in the post-Anpo period). Shisō 2, 128153.Google Scholar
Cho, S-E (2015) ‘Taishū’ to ‘shimin’: Fujita Shōzō to Matsushita Keiichi ni okeru ‘taishū minshushugi’ no seiji shisō (The Conceptions of the ‘Masses’ and ‘Citizen’: Fujita Shōzō’s and Matsushita Keiichi's Political Thoughts of ‘Mass Democracy’) (PhD thesis). The University of Tokyo.Google Scholar
Fujita, S (1990) [1960], ‘Die ideologische Konversion um 1933’ (The Ideological Conversion in Japan in 1933) [Shōwa hachi-nen wo chūshin to suru tenkō no jōkyō], Detlef Foljanty (trans). In Masao, N and Masato, M (eds), Japan zwischen den Kriegen. Eine Auswahl japanischer Forschungen zu Faschismus und Ultranationalismus (Japan during the Interwar Period:A Selection of Research on Fascism and Ultranationalism in Japan), Hamburg: Gesellschaft für Naturund Völkerkunde Ostasiens, pp. 379409.Google Scholar
Fujita, S (1997) Fujita Shōzō chosakushū 4: Ishin no seishin (The Writings of Fujita Shōzō, Vol. 4: The Spirit of the Meiji Restoration). Tokyo: Mishuzu Shobō (abbreviated to Chosakushū below).Google Scholar
Fujita, S (1998 a) Chosakushū 1: Tennōsei kokka no shihai genri (The Writings, Vol. 1: The Principles of Rule of the Tennō System State).Google Scholar
Fujita, S (1998 b) Chosakushū 7: Sengo seishin no keiken I (The Writings, Vol. 7: The Experience of Postwar Spirits in Japan I).Google Scholar
Fujita, S (1998 c) Chosakushū 8: Sengo seishin no keiken II (The Writings, Vol. 8: The Experience of Postwar Spirits in Japan II).Google Scholar
Fujita, S (1998 d) In Sune, I (ed.), Zentaishugi no jidai keiken (The Experience of the Times of Totalitarianism). Seoul: Sōsaku to Hihyōsha.Google Scholar
Fujita, S et al. (2006 a) [1960], ‘Zero kara no shuppatsu’ (Start from Scratch). In Fujita S, Fujita Shōzō taiwa shūsei 1 (The Selected Interviews of Fujita Shōzō, Vol. 1). Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, pp. 119–118.Google Scholar
Fujita, S et al. (2006 b) [1966], ‘Sengo minshushugi no kiki to chishikijin’ (The Crisis of Democracy in Postwar Japan and Japan's Intellectuals). In Fujita S, Fujita Shōzō taiwa shūsei 1 (The Selected Interviews of Fujita Shōzō, Vol. 1). Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, pp. 311–344.Google Scholar
Grant, RW (2002) Political theory, political science, and politics. Political Theory 30, 577595.Google Scholar
Gunnell, JG (2010) Professing political theory. Political Research Quarterly 63, 674679.Google Scholar
Higashi, T (2004) ‘Arayuru hihan wa hikaete kudasai’ (Refrain from criticism). Gendai shisō 32, 152157.Google Scholar
Hondō, A (2004) Fujita Shōzō-shi no koe no hōi ni tsuite: Dokuritsu seishin to wa nani ka’ (Fujita Shōzō’s critique: what is an independent spirit? Gendai shisō 32, 84105.Google Scholar
Hōsei, Heiwa Daigaku (ed.) (1991) Hōsei Heiwa Daigaku kōgiroku 3: Heiwa to yutakasa wo toinaosu (Transcripts of Lectures at Hōsei Peace University 3: Reflections on the Meanings of Peace and Affluence). Tokyo: Origin Publishing Centre.Google Scholar
Ichimura, H (2003) Yomu to iu ikikata (Reading as a Way of Life). Tokyo: Heibonsha.Google Scholar
Ichimura, H (2010) ‘Kaisetsu: Fujita Shōzō wo yomu tame ni’ (The Editor's Note for The Selected Writings of Fujita Shōzō, Heibonsha Edition: For Readers of Fujita Shōzō’s Works). In Hiromasa I (ed.), Fujita Shōzō serekushon (The Selected Writings of Fujita Shōzō, Heibonsha Edition). Tokyo: Heibonsha, pp. 408437.Google Scholar
Iida, T (2006 a) Sengo seishin no kōbō: Maruyama Masao to Fujita Shōzō wo yomu tame ni (The Brilliant Radiance of Postwar Spirits in Japan: For Readers of Maruyama Masao's and Fujita Shōzō’s Works). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Iida, T (2006 b) ‘Kaisetsu’ (The Editor's Note for The Selected Interviews of Fujita Shōzō, Vol. 1), in Fujita 2006a, pp. 345369.Google Scholar
Kakuta, S (2012) Radical democracy and methodology in post-Marxist Maruyama Masao. Ritsumeikan Keizaigaku 61, 359375.Google Scholar
Kaufman-Osborn, TV (2010) Political theory as profession and as subfield? Political Research Quarterly 63, 655673.Google Scholar
Kawamoto, T (2004) Furyō seishin to kommittomento: Fujita Shōzō no rinrigaku wo meguru dansō’ (A sense of independence and commitment: a fragment of Fujita Shōzō’s ethics). Gendai shisō 32, 231237.Google Scholar
Maruyama, M (1969) [1947], ‘Politics as a science in Japan: retrospect and prospects’, Arthur Tiedemann (trans). In Morris, I (ed.), Thought and Behaviour in Modern Japanese Politics, expanded edition, London: Oxford University Press, pp. 225244.Google Scholar
Maruyama, M (1995) [1947], ‘Kagaku to shite no seijigaku: Sono kaiko to tenbō’ (Politics as a Science in Japan: Retrospect and Prospects), in Maruyama Masao shū, dai-3 kan: 1946–1948 (The Writings of Masao Maruyama, Vol. 3: 1946–1948), Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, pp. 133152.Google Scholar
Miyamura, H (1998) ‘Kaidai’ (The Editor's Note for The Writings of Fujita Shōzō, Vol. 1: The Principles of Rule of the Tennō System State). In Fujita S, Chosakushū 1: Tennōsei kokka no shihai genri. Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, pp. 313339.Google Scholar
Miyamura, H (2009) Sengo seishin no seijigaku: Maruyama Masao, Fujita Shōzō, Hagiwara Nobutoshi (Politics in Postwar Japanese Spirits: Maruyama Masao, Fujita Shōzō and Hagiwara Nobutoshi). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Ochi, T (2016) ‘Seiji riron ni okeru “Yūkōsei”: Takabatake Michitoshi to sengo Nihon’ (‘Utility’ in Political Theory: Takabatake Michitoshi and Postwar Japan). The Bulletin of the Faculty of International Studies at Niigata University of International and Information Studies 1, 7588.Google Scholar
Philp, M (2010) What is to be done? Political theory and political realism. European Journal of Political Theory 9, 466484.Google Scholar
Sakurai, T (2018) Political Theories of Narcissism: Towards Self-Reflection on Knowledge and Politics from the Psychoanalytic Perspectives of Erich Fromm and Fujita Shōzō. Zürich: LIT Verlag.Google Scholar
Sasaki-Uemura, WM (2001) Organizing the Spontaneous: Citizen Protest in Postwar Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Seifert, W (2010) ‘Der Staat des modernen Japan. Fujita Shōzōs Analyse des “Tennōsystems”’ (The State of Modern Japan: Fujita Shōzō’s analysis of the ‘Tennō System’). In Lee, E-J and Fröhlich, T (eds), Staatsverständnis in Ostasien. Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 5582.Google Scholar
Silverberg, M (2007) Erotic Grotesque Nonsense, 1st Edn. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Taraba, M (2004) ‘Fujita Shōzō-shi ni tsuite no danshō: Zentaishugi to toki, moshiku wa “seishin no yatōsei” to kon'nichi no fūkei’ (A fragment of Fujita Shōzō’s thought: totalitarianism and time, or a ‘sense of minority’ and today's landscape). Gendai shisō 32, 174185.Google Scholar
Tsurumi, S (1991) Tsurumi Shunsuke shū, 4: Tenkō kenkyū (The Writings of Tsurumi Shunsuke, Vol. 4: A Study of the Conversion of Japan's Intellectuals). Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō.Google Scholar
Tsurumi, S (2011) An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan: 1931–1945. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wada, (2004) ‘Fujita Shōzō no sekai’ no seiritsu’ (The formation process of the ‘world of Fujita Shōzō). Gendai shisō 32, 186201.Google Scholar
Wolin, SS (1968) ‘Political theory: trends and goals’. In Sills, DL (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 12. New York: Macmillan Company and Free Press, pp. 318331.Google Scholar
Wolin, SS (1969) Political theory as a vocation. The American Political Science Review 63, 10621082.Google Scholar
Yamawaki, N (2016) Glocal Public Philosophy: Toward Peaceful and Just Societies in the Age of Globalization. Zürich: LIT Verlag.Google Scholar