Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-mggfc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-21T15:56:38.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sumerians, Gutians and Hurrians at Ashur? A re-examination of Ishtar temples G and F

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2014

Jürgen Bär
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

If we conduct today a survey of early scientific studies on the archaeology of the Near East, most of them seem to be only of historic interest. Only a few of the results published at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century remain valid. Nevertheless the first three decades of the twentieth century were a very important period for setting the agenda in methods and aims of Near Eastern archaeology. Moreover, many of these early theories and propositions still have an effect on current research, even when in the present state of knowledge they are out of date or no longer of relevance.

Type
Research Article
Information
IRAQ , Volume 65 , 2003 , pp. 143 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Gailani Werr, L. 1992, Old Babylonian Cylinder Seals from the Hamrin. EDUBBA 2, London.Google Scholar
Amiet, P. 1966, Elam. Auvers-sur-Oise.Google Scholar
Amiet, P. 1972, La glyptique susienne des origines à l'époque des Perses achéménides. Cachets, sceaux-cylindres et empreintes antiques découverts à Suse de 1913 à 1967. MDP 43, Paris.Google Scholar
Andrae, W. 1914, Aus den Berichten aus Assur. März 1913 bis April 1914. MDOG 54, 1–61.Google Scholar
Andrae, W. 1921, Die Ischtar-Tempel in Assur. MDOG 61, 4–21.Google Scholar
Andrae, W. 1922, Die archaischen Ischtar-Tempel in Assur. WVDOG 39, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Andrae, W. 1935, Die jüngeren Ischtar-Tempel in Assur. WVDOG 58, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Andrae, W. 1938, Das wiedererstandene Assur. SDOG 9, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Andrae, W. 1976, Das wiedererstandene Assur. Munich (2nd rev. edn, ed. Hrouda, B.).Google Scholar
Andrae, E. W. and Boehmer, R. M. 1992, Sketches by an Excavator. Berlin (2nd edn).Google Scholar
Aurenche, O. 1987–1990, s.v. Mauertechnik in Anatolien. RIA 7. Berlin/New York, 596–601.Google Scholar
Banks, J. E. 1912, Bismaya, or the Lost City of Adab. A Story of Adventure, of Exploration, and of Excavation among the Ruins of the Oldest of the Buried Cities of Babylonia. New York/London.Google Scholar
Bär, J. 2003, Die älteren Ištar-Tempel in Assur. Stratigraphie, Architektur und Funde eines altorientalischen Heiligtums von der zweiten Hälfte des 3. Jahrtausends bis zur Mitte des 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. WVDOG 105, Saarbrücken.Google Scholar
Bär, J. in press, Die Beziehungen zwischen Mari und Assur während der šakkanakku-Periode. CRRAI 48. PIHANS (in press).Google Scholar
Boehmer, R. M. 1957–1971, s.v. “Guti-Siegel”, RIA 3. Berlin/New York, 707–8.Google Scholar
Braun-Holzinger, E. A. 1977, Frühdynastische Beterstatuetten. ADOG 19, Berlin.Google Scholar
Buchanan, B. 1966, Catalogue of Ancient Near Eastern Seals in the Ashmolean Museum I. Cylinder Seals. Oxford.Google Scholar
Christian, V. 1927/1928, Entwicklungsprobleme der altmesopotamischen Kunst. Vienna.Google Scholar
Christian, V. 1940, Altertumskunde des Zweistromlandes. Vienna.Google Scholar
Contenau, G. 1931, Manuel d'archéologie orientale II. Paris.Google Scholar
Delaporte, L. 1920, Musée du Louvre. Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravées de style oriental I. Fouilles et Missions, Paris.Google Scholar
Douglas Van Buren, E. 1930, Some archaic statuettes, and a study of early Sumerian dress. AAA 17, 39–56.Google Scholar
van Driel, G. 1966, The Cult of Aššur. Assen.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H. 1924, Mesopotamia, Syria, and Egypt and their Earliest Interrelations. Studies in the Early Pottery of the Near East I. Royal Anthropological Insititute Occasional Papers 6, London.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H. 1939, Cylinder Seals. A Documentary Essay on the Art and Religion of the Ancient Near East. London.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H. 1939, Sculpture of the Third Millennium BC from Tell Asmar and Khafajah. OIP 44, Chicago, Ill.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H. 1955, Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region. OIP 72, Chicago, Ill.Google Scholar
Grayson, A. K. 1991, Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium I. (1114-859 BC). RIMA 2, Toronto/Buffalo/London.Google Scholar
Greßmann, H. 1926, Altorientalische Bilder zum Alten Testament. Berlin/Leipzig.Google Scholar
Hallo, W. W. 1957–1971, s.v. Gutium. RIA 3. Berlin/New York, 708–20.Google Scholar
Hawkes, J. and Woolley, L. 1963, Prehistory and the Beginnings of Civilization. History of Mankind. Cultural and Scientific Development I, London.Google Scholar
Heinrich, E. 1982, Die Tempel und Heiligtümer im Alten Mesopotamien. Typologie, Morphologie und Geschichte. Denkmäler Antiker Architektur 14, Berlin.Google Scholar
Hilprecht, H. V. 1896, Recent Research in Bible Lands. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Hilprecht, H. V. 1903a, Explorations in Bible Lands during the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Hilprecht, H. V. 1903b, Die Ausgrabungen der Universität von Pennsylvania im Bêl-Tempel zu Nippur. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Hommel, F. 1885, Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. Berlin.Google Scholar
King, L. W. 1916, History of Sumer and Akkad. London.Google Scholar
King, L. W. 1919, A History of Babylon. London.Google Scholar
Klengel-Brandt, E. 1978, Terrakotten aus Assur im Vorderasiatischen Museum Berlin. Berlin.Google Scholar
Langdon, S. 1918–1920, Sumerian origins and racial characteristics. Archaeologia 70, 145–54.Google Scholar
Legrain, L. 1951, Seal Cylinders. Ur Excavations X, London.Google Scholar
Lloyd, S. 1955, Foundations in the Dust. A Story of Mesopotamian Exploration. Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Meißner, B. 1914–1915, Grundzüge der babylonisch-assyrischen Plastik. AO 15, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Meyer, E. 1906, Sumerier und Semiten in Babylonien. Abhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.Google Scholar
Meyer, E. 1954, Geschichte des Altertums I, 2. Die ältesten geschichtlichen Völker und Kulturen bis zum sechzehnten Jahrhundert. Nachtrag: Die ältere Chronologie Babyloniens, Assyriens und Ägyptens. Darmstadt (7th edn).Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 1996, Das Wohngebiet von Assur. WVDOG 93, Berlin.Google Scholar
Moortgat, A. 1935, Frühe Bildkunst in Sumer. MVAeG 40/3, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Moortgat, A. 1982, Die Kunst des Alten Mesopotamien. Die klassische Kunst Vorderasiens I. Sumer und Akkad, Cologne (2nd edn).Google Scholar
Oates, D. 1968, Studies in the Ancient History of Northern Iraq. London.Google Scholar
Oates, D. 1985, Excavations at Tell Brak 1983–84. Iraq 47, 159–73.Google Scholar
Olmstead, A. T. 1923, History of Assyria. Chicago, Ill.Google Scholar
Parrot, A. 1946, Archéologie mésopotamienne I. Les étappes. Paris.Google Scholar
Parrot, A. 1948, Tello. Vingt campagnes de fouilles (1877-1933). Paris.Google Scholar
Porada, E. 1980, Alt-Iran. Baden-Baden (3rd edn).Google Scholar
Porada, E. et al. 1992, The Chronology of Mesopotamia ca. 7000–1600 BC, in: Ehrich, R. W. (ed.), Chronologies in Old World Archaeology. Chicago/London (3rd edn), 77–121.Google Scholar
Radau, H. 1900, Early Babylonian History down to the End of the Fourth Dynasty of Ur. New York.Google Scholar
Reade, J. E. 1968, Tell Taya (1967): Summary report. Iraq 30, 234–64.Google Scholar
Reade, J. E. 1982, Tell Taya, in: Curtis, J. (ed.), Fifty Years of Mesopotamian Discovery. London, 72–8.Google Scholar
Rogers, R. W. 1900, A History of Babylonia and Assyria. New York/Cincinnati.Google Scholar
de Sarzec, E. 1884–1912, Découvertes en Chaldée. Paris.Google Scholar
Schäfer, H. and Andrae, W. 1925, Die Kunst des Alten Orients. Propyläen Kunstgeschichte II, Berlin.Google Scholar
Schlossman, B. L. 1978–1979, Portraiture in Mesopotamia in the late third and early second millennium BC. AfO 26, 56–77.Google Scholar
Speleers, L. 1926, Les arts de l'Asie antérieure ancienne. Paris.Google Scholar
Strommenger, E. 1960, Das Menschenbild in der altmesopotamischen Rundplastik von Mesilim bis Hammurapi. BaM 1, 1–100.Google Scholar
Unger, E. 1926, Sumerische und akkadische Kunst. Breslau.Google Scholar
Unger, E. 1927, Assyrische und babylonische Kunst. Breslau.Google Scholar
Unger, E. 1929, Das Stadtbild von Assur. AO 27/3, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Unger, E. 1932, s.v. Aššur, Stadt. RIA 1. Berlin/New York, 170–95.Google Scholar
Weber, O. 1924, Assyrische Kunst. Orbis Pictus 19, Berlin.Google Scholar
Weidner, E. F. 1917, Neue Königslisten aus Assur. MDOG 58, 1–22.Google Scholar
Weidner, E. F. 1939–1941, Review of Andrae 1938. AfO 13, 157–61.Google Scholar
Winckler, H. and Zimmern, H. 1903, in: Schrader, E., Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament mit Ausdehnung auf die Apokryphen, Pseudepigraphen und das Neue Testament. Berlin.Google Scholar
Woolley, C. L. 1934, The Royal Cemetery. A Report on the Predynastic and Sargonid Graves Excavated between 1926 and 1931. Ur Excavations II, London.Google Scholar