Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:04:04.504Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Lives and Afterlives of Vis and Rāmin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Cameron Cross Open the ORCID record for Cameron Cross [Opens in a new window]
Cameron Cross*
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article is a review of the afterlife, or Nachleben, of the romance Vis and Rāmin, one of the first representatives of its genre in New Persian literature. In addition to providing readers with an extensive bibliography of sources and research concerning the poem, it also analyzes these materials to put forward two basic arguments: one, that moral or religious antipathy to the poem’s contents may not have played as great a role in its fortunes as did aesthetic taste; and two, that V&R proved to be a more widely circulated and durable work than is commonly supposed, but on the level of fragments, not the entire text. In light of these arguments, it is proposed that studies structured around the comparison of fragments—themes, ideas, ethics, and motifs, rather than whole texts—may offer more purchase in constructing models of analysis that situate V&R, and Persian literature more broadly, within a literary oikumene in which it connects and interacts with neighboring traditions.

Type
Articles
Information
Iranian Studies , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , July 2018 , pp. 517 - 556
Copyright
Copyright © Association For Iranian Studies, Inc 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This article proved to be a greater enterprise than I had ever imagined it would be; like all rabbit holes, what seems to be the bottom turns out to be yet another tunnel to explore. Much of the digging would not have been possible without the aid of digital editions of Vis and Rāmin, particularly through Nosokhan (http://www.nosokhan.com/Library/Part/0IK) and the TITUS project (http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/iran/niran/npers/visrp/visrp.htm).

My deep thanks and appreciation to Dick Davis and Michael Pifer, who read drafts of the manuscript and graciously shared their thoughts, comments, and feedback. Ali Gheissari was unbelievably supportive and helpful throughout this process, and even tracked down for me a few lingering references at the Tehran University library. Greater still is my gratitude to my anonymous reviewers, who took tremendous time and trouble to double-check my work, identified areas to be polished, suggested additional resources, corrected many mistakes, cleared up some questions that had puzzled me, and encouraged me to rethink my handling of the sources. This article has been infinitely improved thanks to their generous efforts; needless to say, any remaining errors or oversights are entirely my own.

References

ʿAbd al-Kādir Sarfarāz, Khan Bahādur. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Arabic, Persian, and Urdu Manuscripts in the Library of the University of Bombay. Bombay: University of Bombay, 1935.Google Scholar
ʿAbd-Allāhiyān, Hamid. “Gerdāvardeh-ye shesh mard-e dānā: nokāti dar bāb-e dāstān-e Vis va Rāmin.” [Compiled by six sages: Notes on the story of Vis and Rāmin]. Adabiyāt-e Dāstāni 6, no. 46 (1377 [1998]): 122–125.Google Scholar
ʿAbdi, Laylā. “Naqd-e tatbiqi: ‘Vis va Rāmin’ va ‘Khosrow va Shirin’: Shabāhat-hā va tafāvot-hā.” [Comparative critique: ‘Vis and Rāmin' and ‘Khosrow and Shirin': Similarities and differences]. Adabiyāt-e Dāstāni 103 (1385 [2006]): 70–79.Google Scholar
ʿAbdi, Laylā, and Sayyādkuh, Akbar. “Barrasi-ye do shakhsiyat-e asli-ye manzumeh-ye Vis va Rāmin bar asās-e ‘safar-e qahremān’.” [Study of two primary characters of the poem Vis and Rāmin on the basis of ‘the journey of the hero’]. Adab-pazhuhi 24 (1392 [2013]): 129–148.Google Scholar
Agapitos, Panagiotis A. “In Rhomaian, Persian and Frankish Lands: Fiction and Fictionality in Byzantium.” In Medieval Narratives Between History and Fiction: From the Centre to the Periphery of Europe, c. 1100–1400, edited by Agapitos, Panagiotis A. and Mortensen, Lars Boje, 235–367. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Akhyāni, Jamileh. “Tashih-e chand bayt az ‘Vis va Rāmin’.” [Emendation of some lines from ‘Vis and Rāmin’]. Ketāb-e Māh-e Adabiyāt va Falsafeh 23/24 (1378 [1999]): 46–48.Google Scholar
ʿĀmeli, Nāser. “Moqāyeseh-ye Vis va Rāmin-e Fakhr al-Din-e Gorgāni va Khosrow va Shirin-e Nezāmi.” [Comparison of Fakhr al-Din Gorgāni's Vis and Rāmin and Nezāmi's Khosrow and Shirin]. Nāmeh-ye Farhang 2, no. 2, 3, 4 (1331 [1953]): 78–80, 135–137, 189–192.Google Scholar
Amin Ahmad, al-Rāzi. Haft eqlim [The seven climes]. Edited by Fāzel, Javād. Tehran: Ketābforushi-ye ʿAli-Akbar ʿElmi, [1960?].Google Scholar
Ārzu, Serāj al-Din ʿAli Khān. Tazkireh-ye majmaʿ al-nafāyes [The assembly of precious things]. Edited by Mohammad Khān, Mehr-nur and ʿAli Khān, Zib al-Nesāʾ. Islamabad: Markaz-e Tahqiqāt-e Fārsi-ye Irān va Pākestān, 1385 [2006].Google Scholar
Askari, Nasrin. The Medieval Reception of the Shāhnāma as a Mirror for Princes. Leiden: Brill, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ʿAttār, Farid al-Din. Elāhi-nāmeh [The divine book]. Edited by Shafiʿi-Kadkani, Mohammad-Rezā. Tehran: Sokhan, 1387 [2008].Google Scholar
ʿAttār, Farid al-Din. The Ilahi-nāma or Book of God. Translated by Boyle, John Andrew. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Āzar Bigdeli, Lotf-ʿAli Bayg. Ātashkadeh [Fire-temple]. Edited by Nāseri, Hasan Sādāt. 3 vols. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1336 [1958].Google Scholar
Baldick, Julian. “The Authenticity of ‘Irāqī’s ‘Ushshāq-Nāma.” Studia Iranica 2 (1973): 67–78.Google Scholar
Banāni, Amin. “Az Vis va Rāmin tā Khosrow va Shirin.” [From Vis and Rāmin to Khosrow and Shirin]. Irānshenāsi vol. 3, no. 4 (1992): 708–13.Google Scholar
Barādarān, Shokuh. “Moqāyeseh-ye Vis va Rāmin va Khosrow va Shirin.” [Comparison of Vis and Rāmin and Khosrow and Shirin]. Roshd-e Āmuzhesh-e Zabān va Adab-e Fārsi 92 (1388 [2010]): 21–23.Google Scholar
Bausani, Alessandro. “Letteratura neopersiana.” [New Persian literature]. In Storia della letteratura persiana, by Antonino Pagliaro and Alessandro Bausani, 149–875. Milan: Nuova accademia editrice, 1960.Google Scholar
Blochet, Edgar. Catalogue des manuscrits persans. [Catalogue of Persian manuscripts]. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1905–1934.Google Scholar
De Blois, François. Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Volume V: Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar
Borjian, Habib. “The Extinct Language of Gurgān: Its Sources and Origins.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 128, no. 4 (2008): 681–707.Google Scholar
Boyce, Mary. “Gotarzes Geopothros, Artabanus III, and the Kingdom of Hyrcania.” In Variatio Delectat: Iran und der Westen; Gedenskschrift für Peter Calmeyer, edited by Dittmann, Reinhard et al., 155–166. Munster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2000.Google Scholar
Boyce, Mary. “The Parthian Gōsān and Iranian Minstrel Tradition.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 1‒2 (1957): 10–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, Edward G. A Literary History of Persia. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1902–1924.Google Scholar
Browne, Edward G. “Biographies of Persian Poets contained in Ch. V, § 6, of the Tárikh-i-Guzída, or ‘Select History,’ of Hamdu’lláh Mustawfi of Qaswín (Continued from p. 762, October Number, 1900).” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1901): 1–32.Google Scholar
Bürgel, J. Christoph. “Die Liebesvorstellung im persischen Epos Wis und Ramin.” [The concept of love in the Persian epic Vis and Rāmin]. Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft = Études asiatiques: revue de la Societé Suisse-Asie 33 (1979): 65–98.Google Scholar
Bürgel, J. Christoph. “Die persische Epik.” [The Persian epic]. In Orientalisches Mittelalter, edited by Heinrichs, Wolfhart, 301–318. Wiesbaden: AULA-Verlag, 1990.Google Scholar
Bürgel, J. Christoph. “The Romance.” In Persian Literature, edited by Yarshater, Ehsan, 161–178. Albany, NY: Bibliotheca Persica, 1988.Google Scholar
Troyes, Chrétien de. The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes. Translated by Staines, David. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Christensen, Arthur. Les gestes des rois dans les traditions de l’Iran antique. [The gestes of the kings in the traditions of ancient Iran]. Paris: Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1936.Google Scholar
Cross, Cameron. “The Many Colors of Love in Nizāmi’s Haft Paykar: Beyond the Spectrum.” Interfaces: A Journal of Medieval European Literatures 2 (2016): 52–96.Google Scholar
Cross, Cameron. “The Poetics of Romantic Love in Vis & Rāmin.” PhD thesis, University of Chicago, 2015.Google Scholar
Dāmghāni-Sāni, Kāzem. “Moqāyeseh-ye ‘Vis va Rāmin’ va ‘Tristān va Izut’.” [Comparison of ‘Vis and Rāmin' and ‘Tristan and Isolde’]. Kayhān-e Farhangi 218 (1383 [2004]): 64–68.Google Scholar
Damrosch, David. What Is World Literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dankoff, Robert. “The Lyric in the Romance: The Use of Ghazal in Persian and Turkish Masnavis.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 43, no. 1 (1984): 9–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dastgerdi, Vahid. Ganjineh-ye Ganjavi. [The Ganjavi treasury]. 2nd ed. Tehran: Sharq, 1335 [1956].Google Scholar
Davis, Dick. “A Trout in the Milk: Vis and Ramin and Tristan and Isolde.” In Erin and Iran: Cultural Encounters Between the Irish and the Iranians, edited by Chehabi, Houchang and Neville, Grace, 44–53. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Davis, Dick. “Greece ix. Greek and Persian Romances.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2002. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/greece-ixGoogle Scholar
Davis, Dick. “Introduction.” In Vis and Ramin, translated by Davis, Dick, ix–xlvi. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.Google Scholar
Davis, Dick. Panthea’s Children: Hellenistic Novels and Medieval Persian Romances. New York: Bibliotheca Persica, 2002.Google Scholar
Davis, Dick. “The Problem of Ferdowsi’s Sources.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 1 (1996): 48–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Dick. “VIS O RĀMIN.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2005. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/vis-o-raminGoogle Scholar
Didi-Huberman, Georges. “Artistic Survival: Panofsky vs. Warburg and the Exorcism of Impure Time.” Translated by Rehberg, Vivian and Belay, Boris. Common Knowledge 9, no. 2 (2003): 273–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorri, Zahrā. “Naqsh va kārbord-e bonmāyeh-hā-ye towsifi dar manzumeh-ye Vis va Rāmin.” [The role and usage of descriptive motifs in the poem Vis and Rāmin]. Kuhan-nāmeh-ye Adab-e Pārsi 4 (1392 [2004]): 19–44.Google Scholar
Samarqandi, Dowlatshāh. The Tadhkiratu ‘sh-Shuʿará (“Memoirs of the Poets”). Edited by Browne, Edward G. London: Luzac & Co.; Brill, 1901.Google Scholar
Dronke, Peter. Medieval Latin and the Rise of European Love-Lyric. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.Google Scholar
ʿEmād Faqih, ʿAli ebn Mahmud. Panj ganj. [Five treasures]. Edited by Homāyun Farrokh, Rokn al-Din. Tehran: Dāneshgāh-e Melli-ye Irān, 2536 [1977].Google Scholar
Emāmi, ʿAli-Rezā. “Abyāt-e Vis va Rāmin dar Tāj al-maʾāser.” [Lines of Vis and Ramin in the Crown of Works]. Shebh-e qārreh 1, no. 1 (1392 [2013]): 239–254.Google Scholar
Ephrat, Daphna. A Learned Society in a Period of Transition: The Sunni ʿUlamaʾ of Eleventh-Century Baghdad. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Eqbāli, Ebrāhim, and Qamari-Givi, Hosayn. “Barrasi-ye ravān-shenākhti-ye seh manzumeh-ye ghanāʾi-ye fārsi (Khosrow va Shirin, Layli va Majnun va Vis va Rāmin).” [Psychological study of three romantic poems (Khosrow and Shirin, Layli and Majnun, and Vis and Rāmin)]. Pazhuhesh-e Zabān va Adabiyāt-e Fārsi 2 (1383 [2004]): 1–16.Google Scholar
ʿEshqi-Sardehi, ʿAli, Amir-Ahmadi, Abu al-Qāsim, and Kiyāni, Iraj. “Naqd-e shakhsiyat-e Vis az manzar-e amniyat-e ʿātefi.” [Criticism of the character Vis from the perspective of emotional security]. Motāleʿāt-e Naqd-e Adabi 38 (1394 [2015]): 111–128.Google Scholar
Eslāmi-Nodushan, Mohammad-ʿAli. “Āyā ‘Vis va Rāmin’ yek manzumeh-ye zedd-e akhlāq ast?” [Is ‘Vis and Rāmin’ an immoral poem?]. In Jām-e jahānbin dar zamineh-ye naqd-e adabi va adabiyāt-e tatbiqi, 346–383. Tehran: Ebn-e Sinā, 1970.Google Scholar
Eslāmi-Nodushan, Mohammad-ʿAli. “Vis.” In Jām-e jahānbin dar zamineh-ye naqd-e adabi va adabiyāt-e tatbiqi, 118–142. Tehran: Ebn-e Sinā, 1970.Google Scholar
Eslāmi-Nodushan, Mohammad-ʿAli. “Vis va Izut.” [Vis and Isolde]. In Jām-e jahānbin dar zamineh-ye naqd-e adabi va adabiyāt-e tatbiqi, 143–167. Tehran: Ebn-e Sinā, 1970.Google Scholar
Eslāmi-Nodushan, Mohammad-ʿAli. “Vis va Rāmin va Shāhnāmeh.” [Vis and Rāmin and the Shāhnāmeh]. In Nāmeh-ye Minovi, edited by Habib Yaghmāʾi, Iraj Afshār, and Rowshan, Mohammad, 18–37. Tehran: Kāviyān, 1350 [1971].Google Scholar
Ethé, Hermann. “Neupersische Litteratur.” [New Persian literature]. In Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, edited by Geiger, Wilhelm and Kuhn, Ernst, 2:212–368. Strasbourg: K. J. Trübner, 1895–1904.Google Scholar
Arrajāni, Farāmarz ebn Khodādād. Samak-e ʿayyār. [Samak the ʿAyyār]. Edited by Khānlari, Parviz Nātel. 6 vols. Tehran: Āgāh, 1362 [1983].Google Scholar
Foruzandeh, Masʿud, and Bani-Tālebi, Amin. “Abzār-hā-ye āfarinandeh-ye ensejām-e matni va payvastār-hā-ye balāghi dar Vis va Rāmin.” [Devices productive of textual unity and rhetorical continua in Vis and Rāmin]. Sheʿr-pazhuhi 20 (1393 [2014]): 107–134.Google Scholar
Foruzandeh, Masʿud, and Bani-Tālebi, Amin. “Bāztāb-e didgāh-e shāʿer dar nahv-e manzumeh-ye Vis va Rāmin.” [Reflection of the poet's viewpoint in the syntax of the poem Vis and Rāmin]. Matn-shenāsi-ye Adab-e Fārsi 22 (1393 [2014]): 1–22.Google Scholar
Foruzandeh, Masʿud, and Bani-Tālebi, Amin. “Ertebāt-e kārbord-e vāzheh bā negaresh-e shāʿer dar Vis va Rāmin.” [The connection of vocabulary usage with the view of the poet in Vis and Rāmin]. Nasr-pazhuheshi-ye Adab-e Fārsi 38 (1394 [2015]): 291–314.Google Scholar
Foruzandeh, Masʿud, Āsiyābādi, ʿAli, and Bani-Tālebi, Amin. “Hanjār-gorizi dar Vis va Rāmin-e Fakhr al-Din-e Asʿad-e Gorgāni.” [Deviation in the Vis and Rāmin of Fakhr al-Din Asʿad Gorgāni]. Fonun-e Adabi 16 (1395 [2016]): 43–62.Google Scholar
Foruzānfar, Badiʿ al-Zamān. Sokhan va sokhanvarān. [Words and wordsmiths]. Zavvār, 1387 [2009]. First published 1308–1312 [1929–1933].Google Scholar
Friedman, Susan Lynne. “Some Morphological and Phonetic Characteristics in the Language of Vis-u Ramin.” PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1988.Google Scholar
Gabrieli, Francesco. “Note sul Vīs u Rāmīn di Fahr ad-Dīn Gurgānī.” [Notes on the Vis and Rāmin of Fakhr al-Din Gorgāni]. Rendiconti della R. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Classe di scienzi morali, storichi e folologiche, ser. 6 15 (1939): 168–188.Google Scholar
Gabrieli, Francesco. “Sul poema persiano Vīs u Rāmīn.” [On the Persian poem Vis and Rāmin]. Annali, Istituto Orientale di Napoli N.S. 1 (1940): 253–258.Google Scholar
Gaillard, Marina. Le livre de Samak-e ‘Ayyâr: Structure et idéologie du roman persan médiéval. [The book of Samak the ʿAyyar: Structure and ideology of the medieval Persian romance]. Paris: Klincksieck, 1987.Google Scholar
Gaillard, Marina. “SAMAK-E ʿAYYĀR.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2009. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/samak-e-ayyarGoogle Scholar
Gallais, Pierre. Genèse du roman occidental: essais sur Tristan et Iseut et son modèle persan. [The genesis of the western romance: Essays on Tristan and Isolde and its Persian model]. Paris: Tête de Feuilles, 1974.Google Scholar
Gandjeï, Tourkhan. “The Genesis and Definition of a Literary Composition: The Dah-nāma (‘Ten Love Letters’).” Der Islam 47 (1971): 59–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibb, E. J. W. A History of Ottoman Poetry. 6 vols. London: Luzac & Co.; Leiden: Brill, 1900.Google Scholar
Gippert, Jost. “Towards an Automatical Analysis of a Translated Text and Its Original: The Persian Epic of Vīs u Rāmīn and the Georgian Visramiani.” Studia Iranica, Mesopotamica et Anatolica 1 (1994): 21–59.Google Scholar
Giunashvili, Jemshid. “Sokhani chand dar bāreh-ye matn-shenāsi-ye manzumeh-ye Vis va Rāmin-e Fakhr al-Din-e Gorgāni.” [Some words on the philology of the poem Vis and Rāmin]. Irānshenāsi 2, no. 1 (1990): 125–134.Google Scholar
Giunashvili, Jemshid. “VISRAMIANI.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2013. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/visramianiGoogle Scholar
Godarzpur-ʿErāq, Afsun. “Tatbiq-e do asar-e manzum ‘Tristān va Izold’ asar-e Gotfrid fon Eshtrāsborg va ‘Vis va Rāmin’ az Fakhr al-Din-e Asʿad-e Gorgāni.” [The comparison of two versified works, ‘Tristan' by Gottfried von Strassburg and ‘Vis and Rāmin' by Fakhr al-Din Asʿad Gorgani]. Motāleʿāt-e Naqd-e Adabi 14 (1388 [2009]): 57–66.Google Scholar
Gorgāni, Fakhr al-Din. Vis and Ramin. Translated by Morrison, George. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Gorgāni, Fakhr al-Din. Vis and Ramin. Translated by Davis, Dick. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.Google Scholar
Gorgāni, Fakhr al-Din. Vis and Ramin: A Romance of Ancient Iran Originally Written in Pahlavi and Rendered into Persian Verse by Fakhroddin Gorgani c. 1054 A.D. Edited by Minovi, Mojtabā. Tehran: Beroukhim, 1314 [1935].Google Scholar
Gorgāni, Fakhr al-Din. Vis va Rāmin. Edited by Jaʿfar Mahjub, Mohammad. Tehran: Ebn-e Sinā, 1337 [1959].Google Scholar
Gorgāni, Fakhr al-Din. Vis va Rāmin. Edited by Rowshan, Mohammad. Tehran: Sedā-ye Moʿāser, 1377 [1998].Google Scholar
Gorgāni, Fakhr al-Din. Vīs va Rāmīn: Persian Critical Text Composed from the Persian and Georgian Oldest Manuscripts. Edited by T’odua, Magali and Gvaxaria, Alek’sandre. Tehran: Bonyād-e Farhang-e Irān, 1349 [1970].Google Scholar
Gorgāni, Fakhr al-Din. Wís o Rámín: A Romance of Ancient Persia. Edited by Lees, William Nassau and Ali, Munshi Ahmad. Calcutta: Printed at the College Press, 1865.Google Scholar
Graf, Karl Heinrich. “Wîs und Râmîn.” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 23 (1869): 375–433.Google Scholar
Green, Dennis H. The Beginnings of Medieval Romance: Fact and Fiction, 1150–1220. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gvaxaria, Alek’sandre. “Notes on the Persian Text of Gorgani’s Vis o Ramin.” In Ex Oriente: Collected Papers in Honour of Jiří Bečka, edited by Křikavová, Adéla and Hřebíček, Luděk, 53–62. Prague: Czech Academy of Sciences, Oriental Institute, 1995.Google Scholar
Hādi, Ruh-Allāh, and Nasiri, Zaynab. “Sākhtār-e tashbih dar Khosrow va Shirin va Vis va Rāmin.” [Structure of the simile in Khosrow and Shirin and Vis and Rāmin]. Adab-e Fārsi 12 (1392 [2013]): 115–132.Google Scholar
Hākemi, Ismāʿel, and Zavāriyān, Rāziyeh. “Barrasi-ye jāygāh-e zan va ʿeshq dar Vis va Rāmin-e Fakhr al-Din-e Asʿad-e Gorgāni.” [Study of the position of women and love in the Vis and Rāmin of Fakhr al-Din Asʿad Gorgāni]. Majalleh-ye Dehkhodā: Faslnāmeh-ye Takhassosi-ye Zabān va Adabiyāt-e Fārsi 3, no. 10 (1390 [2012]): 91–107.Google Scholar
Hanaway, William L. Jr. “BAHMAN-NĀMA.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 1988. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahman-nama-epic-poemGoogle Scholar
Hedāyat, Rezā-Qoli Khān. Majmaʿ al-fosahā. [Assembly of the eloquent]. Edited by Mosaffā, Mazāher. 2 vols. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1339 [1960].Google Scholar
Hedāyat, Sādeq. “Chand nokteh dar bāreh-ye Vis va Rāmin.” [Some notes on Vis and Rāmin]. In Majmuʿeh-ye neveshteh-hā-ye parākandeh-ye Sādeq-e Hedāyat, 486–523. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1334 [1965].Google Scholar
Abi al-Khayr, Irānshāh ebn. Bahman-nāmeh. Edited by ʿAfifi, Rahim. Tehran: Sherkat-e Enteshārāt-e ʿElmi va Farhangi, 1370 [1991].Google Scholar
Ivanow, Wladimir. Concise Descriptive Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the Collection of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1924.Google Scholar
Jaffery, Yunus. History of Persian Literature. Delhi: Triveni Publications, 1981.Google Scholar
Jalāl al-Din Rumi, Mowlānā. The Mathnawí of Jalálu’ddín Rúmí. Edited and translated by Nicholson, Reynold A. London: Luzac & Co., 1925–1934.Google Scholar
Jāmi, ʿAbd al-Rahmān. Bahārestān va rasāʾel-e Jāmi. [The Bahārestān and letters of Jāmi]. Edited by Aʿlākhān Afsahzād, Mohammad-Jān ʿOmarʾof, and Abu-Bakr Zohur al-Din. Tehran: Mirās-e Maktub, 1379 [2000].Google Scholar
Javādi, Sayyed Ziyāʾ al-Din. “Sharm va āzarm dar do asar-e ghanāʾi.” [Shame and modesty in two romantic works]. Kayhān-e Farhangi 145 (1377 [1998]): 20–25.Google Scholar
Jayhāni, Hamid-Rezā. “Tasvir-e kākh va bāgh-e Shāh Mawbad dar masnavi-ye Vis va Rāmin-e Fakhr al-Din-e Asʿad-e Gorgāni.” [Depiction of King Mobad's palace and garden in the Vis and Rāmin of Fakhr al-Din Asʿad Gorgāni]. Motāleʿāt-e Meʿmāri-ye Irān 7 (1394 [2015]): 73–92.Google Scholar
Kahduni, Mohammad-Kāzem, and Bohrāni, Maryam. “Tahlil-e shakhsiyat-e Mobad dar Vis va Rāmin bar asās-e nazariyāt-e Yung.” [Analysis of the character Mobad in Vis and Rāmin on the basis of Jung's theories]. Motāleʿāt-e Irāni 15 (1388 [2009]): 223–238.Google Scholar
Kakar, Sudhir, and Ross, John Munder. Tales of Love, Sex, and Danger. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1987.Google Scholar
Kaladze, Inga. “The Georgian Translation of Vis and Rāmin: An Old Specimen of Hermeneutics.” Journal of Persianate Studies 2, no. 2 (2009): 137–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kappler, Claude-Claire. “La beauté dans ‘Vîs et Râmîn’: puissance transformatrice, appel à l’eveil.” [Beauty in ‘Vis and Rāmin': Transformative power, call to awakening]. In Gott ist schön und er liebt die Schönheit / God is Beautiful and He Loves Beauty, edited by Giese, Alma and Christoph Bürgel, J., 305–329. Bern: P. Lang, 1994.Google Scholar
Kappler, Claude-Claire. “Présence du mazdéisme dans le roman de Gorgâni, Vîs o Râmîn.” [The presence of Mazdaism in the romance of Gorgāni, Vis and Rāmin]. Dabireh 1 (1991): 39–54.Google Scholar
Kappler, Claude-Claire. “Vîs et Râmîn, ou comment aimer un autre que son frère … ?” [Vis and Rāmin, or how to love someone other than her brother ...?]. Luqmân 7, no. 2 (1991): 55–80.Google Scholar
Çelebi, Kâtip. Kashf al-zunūn ʿan asāmi al-kutub wa-al-funūn. [The removal of doubts from the names of books and the arts]. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAtā, Muhammad. 7 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2008.Google Scholar
Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal. “Bizhan va Manizheh va Vis va Rāmin.” [Bizhan and Manizheh and Vis and Rāmin]. Irānshenāsi 2, no. 2 (1990): 273–298.Google Scholar
Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal. “Tankāmeh-sarāʾi dar adab-e fārsi.” Irānshenāsi 8, no. 1 (1375 [1996]): 15–54.Google Scholar
Khorāsāni, Mahbubeh, and Dāvudi-Moqaddam, Farideh. “Tahlil-e dahnāmeh-hā-ye adab-e fārsi az didgāh-e anvāʿ-e adabi.” [Analysis of the 'ten letters' in Persian literature from the perspective of literary genres]. Matn-pazhuhi-ye Adabi 50 (1390 [2011]): 9–36.Google Scholar
Kobidze, David. “On the Antecedents of Vis-u-Ramin.” In Yádnáme-ye Jan Rypka: Collection of Articles on Persian and Tajik Literature, 89–93. Prague: Academia; The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1967.Google Scholar
Kunitzsch, Paul. “Are There Oriental Elements in the Tristan Story?” Vox Romanica 39 (1980): 73–85.Google Scholar
Kunitzsch, Paul. “The ‘Description of the Night’ in Gurgānī’s Vīs u Rāmīn.” Der Islam 59 (1982): 93–110.Google Scholar
Latif-Nezhād, Farrokh. “Tahlil-e shakhsiyat-e yāvar-e Grimās dar chahār manzumeh-ye ghanāʾi.” [Analysis of Greimas's character of the helper in four romantic poems]. Sheʿr-pazhuhi 25, no. 7 (1394 [2015]): 125–152.Google Scholar
Lazard, Gilbert. “La source en ‘farsi’ de ‘Vis-o-Ramin’.” [The ‘fārsi' source of ‘Vis and Rāmin’]. Šromebi (T’bilisis saxelmcip’o universiteti) 241 (1983): 34–39.Google Scholar
Lewis, Franklin D. “One Chaste Muslim Maiden and a Persian in a Pear Tree: Analogues of Boccaccio and Chaucer in Four Earlier Arabic and Persian Tales.” In Metaphor and Imagery in Persian Poetry, edited by Seyed-Gohrab, Ali Asghar, 137–203. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2012.Google Scholar
Mahjub, Mohammad Jaʿfar. “Moqaddameh dar bāreh-ye Vis va Rāmin va sorāyandeh-ye ān.” [Introduction to Vis and Rāmin and its composer]. In Vis va Rāmin, 7–105. Tehran: Ebn-e Sinā, 1337 [1959].Google Scholar
Mahjub, Mohammad Jaʿfar. “Nazari beh sayr-e ʿeshq dar dāstān-e Vis va Rāmin.” [A look at the path of love in the story of Vis and Rāmin]. Irānshenāsi 4, no. 3 (1371 [1992]): 469–511.Google Scholar
Mamatsashvili, Maja, and Giunashvili, Jemshid. “On the Centenary of the First Edition of Visramiani.” In Georgica I, edited by Magarotto, Luigi and Scarcia, Gianroberto, 119–125. Quaderni del Seminario di Iranistica, Uralo-Altaistica e Caucasologia dell’Università degli Studi di Venezia 22. Rome: Arti Grafiche Scalia Editrice, 1985.Google Scholar
Massé, Henri. “Gurgānī.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd ed., edited by Bearman, P., Bianquis, Th., Bosworth, C. E., van Donzel, E., and Heinrichs, W. P., 1960–2007. http://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2567Google Scholar
Massé, Henri. “Introduction.” In Le roman de Wîs et Râmîn, 5–24. Paris: Société d’Édition “Les Belles Lettres,” 1959.Google Scholar
Mazdāpur, Katāyun. Gonāh-e Vis. [Vis' Sin]. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Asātir, 1382 [2003].Google Scholar
McCann, W. J. “Tristan: The Celtic and Oriental Material Re-Examined.” In Tristan and Isolde: A Casebook, edited by Grimbert, Joan Tasker, 3–35. New York: Garland, 1995.Google Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. “GORGĀNI, FAKR-AL-DIN ASʿAD.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2002. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gorgani.Google Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. “Kings and Lovers: Ethical Dimensions of Medieval Persian Romance.” Edebiyât 1, no. 1 (1987): 10–20.Google Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. Medieval Persian Court Poetry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. “The Theme of the Journey in Nizāmī’s Haft Paykar.” Edebiyât 4, no. 2 (1993): 5–22.Google Scholar
Meneghini, Daniela. “ʿOBAYD ZĀKĀNI.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2008. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/obayd-zakaniGoogle Scholar
Minorsky, Vladimir. Iranica: Twenty Articles. Hertford: S. Austin, 1964.Google Scholar
Minorsky, Vladimir. “Vis u Rāmin: A Parthian Romance (Continued).” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 11, no. 4 (1946): 741–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minorsky, Vladimir. “Vis u Rāmin: A Parthian Romance (Conclusion).” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 12, no. 1 (1947): 20–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minorsky, Vladimir. “Vis-u-Rāmin (III).” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 16, no. 1 (1954): 91–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minorsky, Vladimir. “Vis-u Rāmin (IV).” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 25, no. 1/3 (1962): 275–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minovi, Mojtabā. “Vis va Rāmin.” Sokhan 6, no. 1, 2 (1333 [1954]): 13–21, 129–137.Google Scholar
Mohaqqeq, Mahdi. “Yāddāsht-hāʾi dar bāreh-ye manzumeh-ye Vis va Rāmin.” [Notes on the poem Vis and Rāmin]. Yaghmā 10, no. 9, 10 (1336 [1957]): 417–421, 461–464.Google Scholar
Molé, Marijan. “‘Vis u Rāmin’ et l’histoire seldjoukide.” [‘Vis and Rāmin’ and Seljukid history]. Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientale Di Napoli N.S. 9 (1959): 1–30.Google Scholar
Moretti, Franco. “Conjectures on World Literature.” New Left Review 1 (2000): 54–68.Google Scholar
Morita, Toyoko. “JAPAN iv. Iranians in Japan.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2008. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/japan-iv-iranians-in-japan-1Google Scholar
Morrison, George. “Flowers and Witchcraft in the ‘Vīs o Rāmīn’ of Fakhr ud-Dīn Gurgānī.” In Commémoration Cyrus: actes du Congrès de Shiraz 1971 et autres études rédigées à l’occasion du 2500e anniversaire de la fondation de l’Empire perse, 249–259. Tehran: Bibliothèque Pahlavi; Leiden: diffusion, E. J. Brill, 1974.Google Scholar
Mostowfi Qazvini, Hamd-Allāh. Tārikh-e gozideh. [Selected history]. Edited by Navāʾi, ʿAbd al-Hosayn. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1362 [1983].Google Scholar
Khosrow, Nāser-e. Nasir-i Khusraw’s Book of Travels [Safarnama]: A Parallel Persian‒English Text. Edited and translated by Thackston, Wheeler. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 2001.Google Scholar
Nezāmi, ʿAruzi. Chahār maqāleh. [Four discourses]. Edited by Qazvini, Mohammad and Moʿin, Mohammad. Tehran: Zavvār, 1331 [1952].Google Scholar
Nezāmi, ʿAruzi. Revised Translation of the Chahár Maqála (“Four Discourses”). Translated by Browne, Edward G. London: Luzac, 1921.Google Scholar
Ganjavi, Nezāmi. Khosrow va Shirin. Edited by Dastgerdi, Vahid and Hamidiyān, Saʿid. Tehran: Qatreh, 1378 [1999].Google Scholar
Ganjavi, Nezāmi. Khosrow va Shirin. Edited by Sarvatiyān, Behruz. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1392 [2013].Google Scholar
Nöldeke, Theodor. Das iranische Nationalepos. [The Iranian national epic]. 2nd ed. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nushin, ʿAbd al-Hosayn. “Nokāti chand dar bāryeh-ye manzumeh-ye Vis va Rāmin.” [Some notes on the poem Vis and Rāmin]. Chistā 271 (1389 [2010]): 25–39.Google Scholar
ʿObayd-e Zākāni, Nezām al-Din. [Collected works of ʿObayd Zākāni]. Kolliyāt-e ʿObayd-e Zākāni. Edited by Jaʿfar Mahjub, Mohammad. New York: Bibliotheca Persica Press, 1999.Google Scholar
ʿObayd-e Zākāni, Nezām al-Din. Obeyd-e Zakani: Ethics of the Aristocrats & Other Satirical Works. Translated by Javadi, Hasan. Washington, DC: Mage, 2008.Google Scholar
Okada, Emiko. “Sokhani dar bāzshenāsi-ye bayti az Vis va Rāmin dar kohan-tarin neveshteh-ye fārsi-ye bāzmāndeh dar Zhāpon.” [Identification of a line from Vis and Rāmin in the oldest sample of Persian writing found in Japan]. Irānshenāsi 1, no. 1 (1368 [1989]): 70–75.Google Scholar
Orsatti, Paola. “KOSROW O ŠIRIN.” In Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2006. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kosrow-o-sirinGoogle Scholar
Orsatti, Paola. “Le poème Xosrow va Širin de Nezāmi et ses répliques par Amir Xosrow et Jamāli.” [The poem Khosrow and Shirin by Nezāmi and its imitations by Amir Khosrow and Jamāli]. Studia Iranica 32, no. 2 (2003): 163–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ʿOwfi, Mohammad. Lobāb al-albāb. [The marrow of minds]. Edited by Browne, Edward G., Qazvini, Mohammad, and Nafisi, Saʿid. Tehran: Hermes, 2010.Google Scholar
Owhadi Balyāni, Taqi al-Din. Tazkereh-ye ʿarafāt al-ʿāsheqin va ʿarasāt al-ʿārefin. [The places of assembly for the lovers and the open spaces for the mystics]. Edited by Nasrābādi, Mohsen Nāji. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Asātir, 1388 [2009].Google Scholar
Pertsch, Wilhelm. Verzeichniss der persischen Handschriften der Königlichen Bibliothek zu Berlin. [Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts of the Royal Library of Berlin]. Berlin: A. Asher & Co., 1888.Google Scholar
Pifer, Michael. “The Stranger’s Voice: Integrated Literary Cultures in Anatolia and the Premodern World.” PhD thesis, University of Michigan, 2014.Google Scholar
Piri, Musā. “Gereh-dāstāni dar Khosrow va Shirin va Vis va Rāmin.” [The crux of the story in Khosrow and Shirin and Vis and Rāmin]. Kayhān-e Farhangi 195 (1381 [2003]): 70–73.Google Scholar
Piri, Musā. Sākhtār-shenāsi-ye moqāyesehʾi-ye manzumeh-hā-ye Vis va Rāmin va Khosrow va Shirin. [Comparative structural analysis of the poems Vis and Rāmin and Khosrow and Shirin]. Zahedan: Taftān, 1385 [2006].Google Scholar
Pizzi, Italo. Storia della poesia persiana. [History of Persian poetry]. Turin: Unione tipografico-editrice, 1894.Google Scholar
Polak, L. “Tristan and Vis and Ramin.” Romania 95 (1974): 216–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourjavady, Nasrollah. “Literary Debates in the Safina-yi Tabriz.” In Safina Revealed: A Compendium of Persian Literature in 14th-Century Tabriz, edited by Seyed-Gohrab, Ali Asghar and McGlinn, Sen, 137–152. Leiden University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Rādfar, Abu al-Qāsem. Ketābshenāsi-ye Nezāmi Ganjavī. [Bibliography of Nezāmi Ganjavi]. Tehran: Pazhuheshgāh, 1371 [1992].Google Scholar
Rayfield, Donald. The Literature of Georgia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Rieu, Charles. Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum. 3 vols. London: British Museum, 1879–83AD.Google Scholar
Rieu, Charles. Catalogue of the Turkish Manuscripts in the British Museum. London: British Museum, 1888.Google Scholar
Ringgren, Helmer. Fatalism in Persian Epics. Uppsala: Lundequistska Bokhandeln, 1952.Google Scholar
Rostami, Roqiyeh. “Barrasi-ye vizhegi-hā-ye adabi dar nāmeh-hā-ye ʿāsheqāneh-ye Vis va Rāmin-e Asʿad-e Gorgāni.” [Study of the literary characteristics in the love letters of the Vis and Rāmin of Asʿad Gorgāni]. Hāfez, no. 85 (1390 [2011]): 27–35.Google Scholar
Rubanovich, Julia. “In the Mood of Love: Love Romances in Medieval Persian Poetry and Their Sources.” In Fictional Storytelling in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond, edited by Cupane, Carolina and Krönung, Bettina, 67–94. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2016.Google Scholar
Russell, James R. Yovhannēs Tʻlkurantcʻi and the Mediaeval Armenian Lyric Tradition. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Rust’aveli, Shot’a. The Man in the Panther’s Skin. Translated by Wardrop, Marjory Scott. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1912.Google Scholar
Rust’aveli, Shot’a. Vep’xistqaosani. [The Man in the Panther's Skin]. Edited by Ġvinjilia, Jansuġ. Tbilisi: Sak’art’velo, 1997.Google Scholar
Ruyāni, Vahid. “Tashābohāt-e Vis va Rāmin va Bahman-nāmeh.” [Similarities of Vis and Rāmin and the Bahman-nāmeh]. Jostār-hā-ye Adabi 20 (1393 [2014]): 75–94.Google Scholar
Rypka, Jan. History of Iranian Literature. Edited by Jahn, Karl. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachau, Eduard, and Ethé, Hermann. Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindûstânî and Pushtû Manuscripts in the Bodliean Library. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889.Google Scholar
Sādiqiyān, Mohammad-ʿAli, and ʿAzimi-Yāncheshmeh, Elāheh. “Bāztāb-e ʿaqāʾed va taʿālim-e Masdayasnā dar manzumeh-ye Vis va Rāmin.” [Reflection of Mazdean beliefs and teachings in the poem Vis and Rāmin]. Motāleʿāt-e Irāni 12 (1386 [2007]): 57–74.Google Scholar
Safā, Zabih-Allāh. Tārikh-e adabiyāt dar Irān. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Ferdowsi, 1369 [1990].Google Scholar
Salmāni, Hamid-Rezā, and Akhyāni, Jamileh. “Nāhamkhwāni-hā-ye sākhtār-e dāstān dar Vis va Rāmin.” [Incongruities in the structure of the story in Vis and Rāmin]. Kāvesh-nāmeh-ye Zabān va Adabiyāt-e Fārsi 26 (1392 [2013]): 305–320.Google Scholar
Schefer, Charles Henri Auguste, and Blochet, Edgar. Catalogue de la collection de manuscrits orientaux, arabes, persans et turcs formée par M. Charles Schefer et acquise par l’État. [Catalogue of the collection of Oriental, Arabic, Persian, and Turkish manuscripts made by Charles Schefer and acquired by the state]. Paris: E. Leroux, 1900.Google Scholar
Schmeling, Gareth, ed. The Novel in the Ancient World. Leiden; New York; Köln: Brill, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schröder, Franz Rolf. “Die Tristansage und das Persische Epos ‘Wis und Ramin’.” [The Tristan saga and the Persian epic ‘Vis and Rāmin’]. Germanisch-romanische Monatsschrift 42 (1961): 1–44.Google Scholar
Seyed-Gohrab, Ali Asghar. “Literary Works in Tabriz’s Treasury.” In Safina Revealed: A Compendium of Persian Literature in 14th-Century Tabriz, edited by Seyed-Gohrab, Ali Asghar and McGlinn, Sen, 113–36. Leiden University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Shādārām, ʿAli-Rezā, and Dorudgariyān, Farhād. “Moqāyeseh-ye Tristān va Izut va Vis va Rāmin.” [Comparison of Tristan and Isolde and Vis and Rāmin]. Pazhuhesh-hā-ye Adabi 29/30 (1389 [2011]): 71–90.Google Scholar
Qays, Shams-e. Ketāb al-moʿjam fi maʿāyir ashʿār al-aʿjam. [The dictionary on the criteria of the poems of the Persians]. Edited by Qazvini, Mohammad and Razavi, Modarres. Tehran: Khavar, 1314 [1935].Google Scholar
Shayegan, M. Rahim. “Old Iranian Motifs in Vīs o Rāmīn.” In Essays in Islamic Philology, History, and Philosophy, edited by Korangi, Alireza, Thackston, W. M., Mottahedeh, Roy, and Granara, William, 29–50. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2016.Google Scholar
Shehābi, ʿAli-Akbar. Nezāmi: Shāʿer-e dāstānsarā. [Nezāmi: The narrator poet]. Tehran: Ebn-e Sinā, 1337 [1958].Google Scholar
Southgate, Minoo S. “Conflict Between Islamic Mores and the Courtly Romance of Vis and Rāmin.” Muslim World 75 (1985): 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southgate, Minoo S. “‘Vis and Rāmin’: An Anomaly Among Iranian Courtly Romances.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 1 (1986): 40–52.Google Scholar
Sprachman, Paul. Suppressed Persian: An Anthology of Forbidden Literature. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 1995.Google Scholar
Sprenger, Alois. “Bibliographische Anzeigen: Literarische Notizen.” [Bibliographic announcements: Literary notices]. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 8 (1854): 608–610.Google Scholar
Von Stackelberg, Baron R. “Lexicalisches aus ‘Wis ō Rāmin’.” [Lexical [notes] on ‘Vis and Rāmin']. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 48 (1894): 490–497.Google Scholar
Von Stackelberg, Baron R. “Neskol’ko slov o persidskom epose ‘Visa i Ramin’.” [A few words regarding the Persian epic tale ‘Vis and Rāmin’]. Drevnosti Vostochnye 2, no. 1 (1896): 10–23.Google Scholar
Tabrizi, Abu al-Majd Mohammad ebn Masʿud. Safineh-ye Tabriz. [The Safineh of Tabriz]. Tehran: Markaz-e Nashr-e Dāneshgāhi, 1381 [2003].Google Scholar
Tafazzoli, Ahmad. Tārikh-e adabiyāt-e Irān pish az Eslām. [The history of the literature of pre-Islamic Iran]. Tehran: Sokhan, 1376 [1997].Google Scholar
Tājbakhsh, Esmāʿil, and Hasanpur, Hivā. “Sabk-shenāsi-ye dah-nāmeh-ye Vis va Rāmin-e Fakhr al-Din-e Asʿad-e Gorgāni.” [Stylistics of the ten letters of the Vis and Rāmin of Fakhr al-Din Asʿad Gorgāni]. Sabk-shenāsi-ye nazm va nasr-e fārsi 13 (1390 [2011]): 183–200.Google Scholar
Tamimdāri, Ahmad. Ketāb-e Irān: Tārikh-e adab-e pārsi. [The book of Iran: History of Persian literature]. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Bayn al-Melali al-Hodā, 1379 [2000].Google Scholar
Tarbiyat, Mohammad-ʿAli. “Masnavi va masnavi-guyān-e Irāni.” [Iranian masnavis and masnavi-poets]. Mehr 5 (1316 [1937]): 225–231, 313–320, 433–442, 539–544, 654–661, 757–767, 844–852, 941–951, 1061–1068.Google Scholar
Taslimi, ʿAli, and Mirmirān, Mojtabā. “Vis va Rāmin va risheh-shenāsi-ye kohan.” [Vis and Rāmin and old etymology]. Majalleh-ye Takhassosi-ye Zabān va Adabiyāt-e Dāneshkadeh-ye Adabiyāt va ʿOlum-e Ensāni-ye Mashhad 38, no. 3 (1384 [2005]): 133–144.Google Scholar
Tchikovani, M. “Les relations typologiques entre trois romans du moyen-age: Tristan et Iseult, Abessalom et Etheri, Vis et Ramin.” [The typological relations between three medieval romances: Tristan and Iseult, Abessalom and Etheri, Vis and Rāmin]. Acta Ethnographica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 19 (1985): 353–368.Google Scholar
T’mogveli, Sargis. Visramiani. Edited by Gvaxaria, Alek’sandre and T’odua, Magali. Tbilisi: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoy, 1962.Google Scholar
T’mogveli, Sargis. Visramiani, the Story of the Loves of Vis and Ramin. Translated by Wardrop, Oliver. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1914.Google Scholar
Tourage, Mahdi. Rūmī and the Hermeneutics of Eroticism. Leiden: Brill, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trindade, W. Ann. “Tristan and Wis and Ramin: The Last Word?” Parergon 4, no. 1 (1986): 19–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vāleh, ʿAli-Qoli Khān. Tazkereh-ye riyāz al-shoʿarāʾ. [The garden of the poets]. Edited by Nasrābādi, Mohsen Nāji. 5 vols. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Asātir, 1384 [2005].Google Scholar
Vāredi, Zarrin-tāj, and ʿAbdi, Laylā. “Jalveh-hā-ye farhang-e Irān-e bāstān va Islām dar ‘Vis va Rāmin’.” [Aspects of the culture of ancient Iran and Islam in ‘Vis and Rāmin’]. Motāleʿāt-e Irāni 17 (1389 [2010]): 227–236.Google Scholar
Whetter, K. S. Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.Google Scholar
Yusofi, Hosayn-ʿAli. “Barrasi-ye tatbiqi-ye ‘Vis va Rāmin’ va ‘Khosrow va Shirin’.” [Comparative study of ‘Vis and Rāmin’ and ‘Khosrow and Shirin’]. Adabiyāt-e Farhang va Honar 36 (1371): 180–183.Google Scholar
Zamānzādeh, Javād. Ravānkāvi-ye sovar-e ʿeshq dar adabiyāt-e Fārsi. [Psychoanalysis of the images of love in Persian literature]. Bethesda, MD: Ketābforushi-ye Irān, 1994.Google Scholar
Zarrinkub, ʿAbd al-Hosayn. “[Review: Vis & Rāmin].” Sokhan 9, no. 10 (1337 [1958]): 1015–1018.Google Scholar
Zenker, Rudolf. “Die Tristansage und das persische Epos von Wîs und Râmîn.” [The Tristan saga and the Persian epic Vis and Rāmin]. Romanische Forschungen 29, no. 2 (1911): 321–369.Google Scholar
Zipoli, Riccardo. Irreverent Persia: Invective, Satirical and Burlesque Poetry from the Origins to the Timurid Period (10th to 15th Centuries). Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2015.Google Scholar