Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:24:30.531Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Does improvement in the treatment of those who attempt suicide contribute to a reduction in elderly suicide rates in England?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2009

Ajit Shah*
Affiliation:
Ageing, Ethnicity and Mental Health, International School for Communities, Rights and Inclusion, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, U.K. and West London Mental Health NHS Trust, London, U.K.
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Professor Ajit Shah, West London Mental Health NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB1 3EU, U.K. Phone: +44 208 354 8140; Fax: +44 208 354 8307. Email: [email protected].
Get access

Abstract

Background: The reported decline in elderly suicide rates in England may have been, in part, due to prompt and successful resuscitation of those who attempt suicide. This study examines the impact of prompt and successful resuscitation of those who attempt suicide on elderly suicide rates in England.

Methods: Possible changes in rates of attempted suicides in elderly age-bands over a nine-year period and the correlation between rates of attempted suicide and suicide in elderly age-bands in England were examined using nationally collected data.

Results: There was a significant increase in the rates of attempted suicide over the study period in the age-band 60–74 years, but not in the age-band 75+ years. There was a positive correlation between rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the age-band 75+ years, but not in the age-band 60–74 years.

Conclusions: The findings of this study were unable to confirm conclusively that prompt and successful medical resuscitation of those who attempt suicide makes a contribution to the decline in elderly suicide rates and requires further study. Public health initiatives should be designed to reduce not only suicide rates but also rates of attempted suicide; otherwise they are failing in the prevention of mental illness and suicidal behavior, early identification and treatment of those with mental illness and those at risk of suicide, and systematic follow-up of those recovering and recovered from mental illness.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brock, A. and Griffiths, C. (2003). Trends in suicide by method in England and Wales, 1979 to 2001. Health Statistics Quarterly, 20, 718.Google Scholar
Cattell, H. (1988). Elderly suicides in London: an analysis of coroner's inquests. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 3, 251261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattell, H. and Jolley, D. (1995). One hundred cases of suicide in the elderly. British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 451457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conwell, Y., Rotenberg, M. and Caine, E. D. (1990). Completed suicides at age 50 and over. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 38, 640644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conwell, Y., Olsen, K., Caine, E. D. and Flannery, C. (1991). Suicide in later life: psychological autopsy findings. International Psychogeriatrics, 3, 5966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dennis, M., Read, S., Andrews, H., Wakefield, P., Zafar, R. and Kavi, S. (2001). Suicide in a single health district: epidemiology and audit of the involvement of psychiatric services. Journal of Mental Health, 6, 673682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunnell, D., Middleston, N., Whitley, E., Dorling, D. and Frankel, S. (2003). Why are suicide rates rising in young men but falling in the elderly? A time-series analysis of trends in England and Wales, 1950–1998. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 595611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawton, K. and Fagg, J. (1990). Deliberate self-poisoning and self-injury in older people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 5, 367373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoxey, K and Shah, A. K. (2000). Recent trends in elderly suicide rates and methods in England and Wales. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 274279.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jianlin, J. (2000). Suicide rates and mental health services in modern China. Crisis, 21, 118121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kua, E. H., Ko, S. M. and Ng, T. P. (2003). Recent trends in elderly suicide rates in a multi-ethnic Asian city. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 533536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodhi, L. and Shah, A. K. (2004). Psychotropic prescriptions and elderly suicide rates. Medicine, Science and the Law, 44, 236244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lodhi, L. and Shah, A. K. (2005). Factors associated with the recent decline in suicide rates in the elderly in England and Wales. 1985–1998. Medicine, Science and the Law, 45, 115120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClure, G. M. G. (2000). Changes in suicide in England and Wales, 1960–1997. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 6467.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute for Mental Health in England (2007). National Suicide Prevention Strategy for England. Annual Report of Progress 2006. Available at: http://www.nimhe.csip.org.uk/our-work/suicide-prevention/annual-report-on-progress-2006.html (last accessed 26 June 2008).Google Scholar
O'Donnell, I. and Farmer, R. (1995). The limitations of official suicide statistics. British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 458461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pritchard, C. and Hansen, L. (2005). Comparison of suicide in people aged 65–74 and 75+ by gender in England and Wales and the major western countries. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 1725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, A. K. (2007). Elderly suicide rates in the United Kingdom: trends from 1979 to 2002. Medicine, Science and the Law, 47, 5660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, A. K. and Bhat, R. (2008a). The relationship between elderly suicide rates and mental health funding, service provision and national policy: a cross-national study. International Psychogeriatrics, 20, 605615.Google ScholarPubMed
Shah, A. K. and Bhat, R. (2008b). Are elderly suicide rates improved by increased provision of mental health service resources? International Psychogeriatrics, 20, 12301237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, A. K. and Bhat, R. (2008c). Relationship between elderly suicide rates and markers of healthcare. Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, 3, 5255.Google Scholar
Shah, A. K. and Coupe, J. (2009). A comparative study of elderly suicides in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: trends over time and age-associated trends. International Psychogeriatrics. E-published ahead of print, doi: 10.1017/S1041610209008539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, A. K. and De, T. (1998). Suicide in the elderly. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2, 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, A. K., Bhat, R., MacKenzie, S. and Koen, C. (2008). Elderly suicide rates: cross-national comparisons of trends over a 10-year period. International Psychogeriatrics, 20, 673686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, A. K., Elanchanny, N. and Collinge, T. (2001). Trends in age band-specific suicide rates in the elderly. Medicine, Science and the Law, 41, 102106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, C., Hopkins, P., Gibbs, D., Rapson, T., Belbin, A. and Hay, A. (2004). Trends in suicide in Scotland, 1981–1999: age, method and geography. BMC Public Health, 4, 49. Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/4/49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, C., Stockton, D. and Henderson, R. (2008). Reduction in young male suicide in Scotland. BMC Public Health, 8, 80. Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassilas, C. A. and Morgan, H. G. (1993). General practitioner's contact with victims of suicide. BMJ, 307, 300301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vassilas, C. A. and Morgan, H. G. (1994). Elderly suicides’ contact with their general practitioner before death. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9, 10081009.Google Scholar
Yip, P. S. F. (2001). An epidemiological profile of suicides in Beijing, Chine. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 31, 6270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yip, P. S. F. and Tan, R. C. E. (1998). Suicides in Hong Kong and Singapore: a tale of two cities. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 44, 267279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yip, P. S. F., Callanan, C. and Yuen, H. P. (2000). Urban/rural and gender differentials in suicide rates: East and West. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57, 99106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yip, P. S. F., Liu, K. Y., Hu, J. and Song, X. M. (2005). Suicide rates in China during a decade of rapid social change. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 792798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar