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International Integration: The European and the Universal Process

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2009

Ernst B. Haas
Ernst B. Haas
Affiliation:
Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of California in Berkeley.
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Extract

The established nation-state is in full retreat in Europe while it is advancing voraciously in Africa and Asia. Integration among discrete political units is a historical fact in Europe, but disintegration seems to be the dominant motif elsewhere. Cannot the example of successful integration in Europe be imitated? Could not the techniques of international and supranational cooperation developed in Luxembourg, Paris, and Brussels be put to use in Accra, Bangkok, and Cairo, as well as on the East River in New York? Or, in a different perspective, will not the progress of unity in Europe inevitably have its integrating repercussions in other regions and at the level of the United Nations even without efforts at conscious imitation?

Type
Articles
Information
International Organization , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , Summer 1961 , pp. 366 - 392
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 1961

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References

1 As cited in Metcalf, and Urwick, , eds., Dynamic Administration, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1940, p. 40.Google Scholar

2 Ibid., p. 32.

3 Dean, Rusk, “Parliamentary Diplomacy—Debate vs. Negotiation,” World Affairs Interpreter, Summer 1955 (Vol. 26, No. 2), p. 121–122.Google Scholar

4 The conventions dealing with the equivalence of university degrees and the movement of persons are exceptions to this generalization. Both of them involved some measure of upgrading common interests.

5 Schokking, Jan J. and Nels, Anderson, “Observations on the European Integration Process,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 12 1960 (Vol. 4, No. 4), p. 409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 My discussion of OEEC benefited greatly from the advice and criticism of William Diebold. Jr., and Robert Triffin.

7 See, above all, Brzezinski, Zbigniew K., The Soviet Bloc, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1960Google Scholar; and George, Modelski, The Communist International System, Princeton, Center of International Studies, 12 I, 1960, and the literature cited there.Google Scholar

8 For descriptions of the Latin American Free Trade Area and the Central American Free Trade Area conventions see Europa-Archiv, 04 1960 (Vol. 15, No. 7–8)Google Scholar, External Affairs, April 1960, and Monthly Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, September 1960. The scheme is defended by Galo, Plaza, “For a Regional Market in Latin America,” Foreign Affairs, 07 1959 (Vol. 37, No. 2)Google Scholar. Both conventions have been completed and are awaiting ratification. It should not be overlooked that the driving force behind the negotiations was the UN Economic Commission for Latin America.