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Australia and Seato1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2009

George Modelski
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Extract

Australia is a nation small and vulnerable enough to need great power guarantees of territorial integrity, yet at the same time strong and stable enough to constitute an asset in any joint undertaking. The quality of being a small power dependent on the support of the great powers Australia shares with the countries of Southeast Asia, and in particular with the Southeast Asian states linked up with the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO). But it is less exposed to immediate dangers, is more modern and industrialized than its near-northern neighbors, and hence is also capable of serving as an independent source of strength and of assuming a role somewhat akin to that of the great powers in SEATO. Australia's membership role in SEATO is, in effect, defined by these two basic conditions.

Type
Articles
Information
International Organization , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , Summer 1960 , pp. 429 - 437
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 1960

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References

2 In discussions preliminary to the negotiation of the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy in 1941, the Japanese Inner Cabinet denned the Greater East Asia Sphere as comprising the region from Burma eastward and New Caledonia northward, ultimately to include Australia and New Zealand. See Judgement of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, November 1948, p. 489; and Jones, F. C., japan's New Order in East Asia, London, Oxford University Press, 1954. P. I95Google Scholar.

3 Message from President Roosevelt to Prime Minister Churchill, March 8, 1942, cited in Churchill, W. S., The Second World War (Vol. 4), London, Cassels, 1951, p. 172Google Scholar.

4 See Padelford, N., “Regional Cooperation in the South Pacific: Twelve Years of the South Pacific Commission,” International Organization, Summer 1959 (Vol. 13, No. 3), p. 380–393CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 See McHenry, D. E. and Rosecrance, R. N., “The ‘Exclusion’ of the United Kingdom from the ANZUS Pact,” International Organization, Summer 1958 (Vol. 12, No. 3), p. 320–329CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 Alexander, F., “Australiain World Affairs,” Australian Outlook, 02 1956 (Vol. 10, No 1), p. 15Google Scholar. 17.

7 For the text of the treaty, see International Organization, 11 1954 (Vol. 8, No. 4), p. 617–621)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

8 Sydney Morning Herald, 04 11, 1959Google Scholar.

9 See the statement upon his return, Bangkok Post, August 28, 1958.

10 Nearly $12 million was appropriated for the financial year 1959–1960. Demands urging an expansion of aid to Southeast Asia have recently been heard.

11 In the 1959 Australian-sponsored SEATO exercise “Sea Demon,” however, the “Melbourne's” engines broke down and for a time she had to withdraw from action.

12 On the work of the Bangkok organization, see the author's’ “The South-East Asia Treaty Organization,” Australian Journal of Politics and History, 05 1959 (Vol. 8, No. 1), p. 24–40Google Scholar.

13 Mr. Casey said last year in the House of Representatives: “The House will know from earlier statements which I have made the urgency and priority which the Australian government attaches to anti-subversion activities.” See Current Notes on International Affairs (Canberra), 04 1959 (Vol. 30, No. 4), p. 198Google Scholar.

14 Sydney Morning Herald, April 18, 1959.

15 See, for instance, Harper, N., “Australia and the United States,” in Greenwood, G. and Harper, N., eds., Australia in World Affairs 195O–1955, Melbourne, Cheshire, 1957, p. 197–199Google Scholar.

16 Casey, R., Friends and Neighbours, East Lansing, Michigan State College Press, 1953, p. 100Google Scholar.

17 Webb, L. C., The South-East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (mimeo), 1955, p. 15–16, 20–21Google Scholar.

18 First established during the Laotian crisis of September-October 1959.Emergency aid and plans for long-term assistance to Laos were announced by the Minister for External Affairs in January i960.

19 Le Monde (Paris), 01 6, 1960Google Scholar.