The individual in international law — Aliens — Position of aliens — Treatment by and responsibilities of the receiving State — Refugees — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 28 — Issue of travel document — Right to travel outside territory of residence and to return — Whether right can be restricted — The law of Belgium

International organization and administration — International officials — UN High Commissioner for Refugees — Representative in Belgium — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Belgian law on the control of aliens, 1952 — Decision within framework of Belgian procedure for granting, refugee status — Whether subject to control of Belgian Conseil d’Etat — The law of Belgium

The individual in international law — Aliens — Expulsion of aliens — Procedure of expulsion — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Belgian law on the control of aliens 1952 — Application for recognition of refugee status — Prohibition on expulsion prior to decision on refugee status and consultation of Consultative Committee for Aliens — Failure by alien to follow procedure for applying for refugee status — Whether entitled to decision on status and consultation of Consultative Committee before expulsion — Difference between refoulement and renvoi — The law of Belgium

The individual in international law — Aliens — Expulsion of aliens — Procedure of expulsion — Aliens under order of deportation — Statute granting discretion to authority to allow alien to stay — Whether conferring a right on alien — Statute empowering Executive to remove discretion in individual cases — Whether necessary for Executive to observe rules of natural justice — Immigration Act — Immigration Appeal Board Act 1970 — The law of Canada

The individual in international, law — Extradition — Conditions of — Extraditable crimes — Principle of specialty — Belgium-Switzerland Supplementary Extradition Convention, 1882 — New charge based on same facts as those on which extradition request granted — Whether a violation of Convention — The law of Belgium

The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of — Extraditable crimes — Conspiracy to import narcotic drugs — Whether crime ‘against laws for suppression of traffic in narcotics’ — Narcotic Control Act 1970 — Extradition Act 1970 — Canada-United States Supplementary Convention on Extradition, 1925 — The law of Canada

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — Conduct of foreign relations — Extradition — Allegations of defects in legal procedure followed in extraditing State — Whether courts in the requesting State competent to examine such allegations — The law of Belgium

The individual In international law — Extradition — Procedure of extradition — Allegations of defects in legal procedure followed in extraditing State — Whether courts in the requesting State competent to examine such allegations — Whether any requirement that extradition request be notified, to the individual concerned — Belgium-Spain Extradition Treaty, 1870 — The law of Belgium

The individual in international law — Extradition — Procedure of extradition — Taking of depositions for use in an extradition proceeding in a foreign State — Whether accused has right to be present through counsel or to cross-examine — Function of the magistrate taking depositions — Extradition Act 1970 — The law of Canada

The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Double criminality — Charge of murder — Whether extradition judge obliged to consider degree of murder if condition satisfied — The law of Canada

The individual in international law — Extradition — Political crimes — Meaning of — Whether a political motive necessary — Whether crime not directed against authority of the Government a political crime — Whether crime committed in an endeavour to bring about change in government policy a political crime — Whether fugitive can unilaterally cause the crime to be political — Authority having jurisdiction to decide the question — Whether judge so empowered — Function of the extradition judge — Plea of political offence on application for extradition — Whether possible to take point without admitting the crime — Conditions of extradition — Double criminality — Charge of murder — Whether extradition judge obliged to consider degree of murder if condition satisfied — Procedure of extradition — Admission of affidavit evidence — Whether necessary to give fugitive opportunity of cross-examintion — Whether fugitive's right to a fair hearing violated in the absence of such opportunity — Difference in procedure between hearing of application for extradition and other hearings — The law of Canada

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities — Subordinate members of the diplomatic staff — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Articles 33 and 37 — Exemption of diplomatic staff from social security provisions in receiving State — Embassy employee — Resident of receiving State without status of career diplomatic agent — Whether employment recognized for purposes of municipal social security legislation — Whether fiction of extraterritoriality of embassy premises still applicable — The law of Belgium

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities — The retinue of diplomatic envoys — Categories of persons entitled to diplomatic immunity — Whether embassy driver entitled to immunity — Whether insurers of embassy vehicle entitled to rely on diplomatic immunity — Waiver — Whether agreement to provide insurance cover constitutes waiver by the insurer of right to rely on the immunity of his insured — Onus of proving entitlement to immunity — The law of Belgium

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — Conduct of foreign relations — Conclusiveness of the statements of the Executive — Statement of the Executive as to whether a treaty is in force — Effect of — Whether conclusive — The law of Canada

Treaties — Conclusion and operation — Ratification — Entry into force — Treaty providing for ratification — Treaty also providing for operation from a date to be agreed by parties — Whether ratification essential for treaty to come into force — Effect of failure to ratify — Interpretation of treaties — Relevance of approach of Executive — Canada-France Trade Agreement Act 1933 — The law of Canada

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Interpretation of statute incorporating reference to international convention — Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 — The law of Canada

Treaties — Conclusion and operation — Operation and enforcement — Necessity for municipal legislation — Reference to international convention in municipal legislation — Whether incorporating provision of the international convention in municipal law — Whether obligations under international convention become enforceable — Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Immigration Appeal Board Act 1970 — The law of Canada

Treaties — Interpretation — Principles and rules of interpretation — Interpretation of private law term in treaty — Interpretation by reference to normal legal meaning of term under municipal law — The law of Belgium

International organization and administration — The United Nations — The General Assembly — Authority of General Assembly under UN Charter, 1949, Article 101 — Power to amend Staff Rules and Regulations retroactively — UN Administrative Tribunal

International organization and administration — International officials — Repatriation grant upon retirement — Purpose of — Whether an acquired right — Whether evidence of relocation required — United Nations Staff Rules and Regulations — Transitional scheme established by United Nations Secretary-General — Change in practice through General Assembly resolution — Authority under United Nations Charter, Article 101 — Whether failing to recognize acquired right of repatriation grant without providing evidence of relocation — Whether a disregard of Staff Rules and Regulations — Compensation

The individual in international law — In general — Before international tribunals — International Court of Justice — Review of judgment closely affecting individuals — Individuals unable to appear as parties before the Court — Whether compatible with principle of equality of parties

International organization and administration — The United Nations — The General Assembly — Resolution 34/165 — Whether to be given immediate effect — Retroactive application of resolution — Relation between resolutions, Staff Regulations and Staff Ru1es — United Nations Charter, 1945, Article 101

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — Competence — Committee on Applications for Review of Administrative Tribunal judgments — Application made by Member State — Whether constituting an intervention by a person not party to original proceedings — Effect on authority of United Nations Secretary-General — Propriety of giving opinion — Nature and scope of opinion requested — Extent of review of merits of Tribunal’s judgment — Equality of parties before Court — Whether principle applicable to Committee — Procedural irregularities in proceedings before Committee — Whether ‘compelling reasons’ to decline to give opinion — Prima facie duty of Court not to refuse participation in activities of the United Nations — Formulation of question in request — Whether Court entitled to determine meaning and implications of question — Whether Court entitled to reformulate request

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — Procedure — Review of judgments of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal — Effect of individuals being involved in original proceedings — Equality of parties before the Court — Whether correct to dispense with otal hearings

International organization and administration — International officials — The United Nations — United Nations Administrative Tribunal — Repatriation grant payable to retiring United Nations officials — Whether entitlement dependent on providing evidence of relocation — Review of judgment of Tribunal — Whether Tribunal erred on a question of law relating to provisions of Charter of the United Nations, 1945 — Staff Rules and Regulations — Whether conferring acquired rights — General Assembly Resolution 34/165 — Retroactive application — Article 101 of the Charter — Whether contradicted by Tribunal’s interpretation of Staff Rules and Regulations — Whether Tribunal exceeded jurisdiction or competence — Jurisdiction defined in Statute of Tribunal

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — Competence — Committee on Applications for Review of Administrative Tribunal judgments — Application made by Member State — Whether constituting an intervention by a person not party to original proceedings — Effect on authority of United Nations Secretary-General — Propriety of giving opinion — Nature and scope of opinion requested — Extent of review of merits of Tribunal’s judgment — Equality of parties before the Court — Whether principle applicable to Committee — Procedural irregularities in proceedings before Committee — Whether ‘compelling reasons’ to decline to give opinion — Prima facie duty of Court not to refuse participation in activities of United Nations — Formulation of question in request — Whether Court entitled to determine meaning and implications of question — Whether Court entitled to reformulate request — Procedure — Individuals closely affected by review unable to appear as parties before Court — Whether correct to dispense with oral hearing

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For other breaches of contractual obligations — Contractual claim against Iranian joint — stock company — Whether National Iranian Oil Company legal successor — Iran — United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — The law and practice of the Iran — United States Claims Tribunal

Disputes — Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Competence to determine jurisdiction — Contract between Iranian company and claimant — Claimant also bringing action against Islamic Republic of Iran and National Iranian Oil Company — Whether claim within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — Whether contracting company agent of NIOC — Whether controlled by NIOC — Whether NIOC successor to contracting company — The law and practice of the Iran — United States Claims Tribunal

The individual in international law — Nationality — Nationality of corporations — Claim by Swiss company wholly owned by a United States corporation — Whether a claim by a United States national — Iran — United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — The law and practice of the Iran — United States Claims Tribunal

Disputes — Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Competence to determine jurisdiction — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — Corporate claimants — Claim submitted by Swiss company wholly owned by United States corporation — Whether claim brought by United States national through agency of Swiss company — The law and practice of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal

The individual in international law — Nationality — Nationality of corporations — Claim by company incorporated under laws of United Kingdom — Controlled foreign subsidiary — Whether affecting nationality — Iran — United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — The law and practice of the Iran — United States Claims Tribunal

Disputes — Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Competence to determine jurisdiction — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — Nationality of corporate claimants — Claim by company incorporated under the laws of the United Kingdom-Claimant company wholly owned by United States corporation — Whether ownership affecting nationality — Whether claimant a United States national within the meaning of the Claims Settlement Declaration — Subsequent amendment of claim to substitute United States parent company as claimant — Whether new claim — Whether amended statement of claim admissible — The law and practice of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal

The individual in international law — Nationality — Nationality of corporations — Claim against Iranian company — Whether a controlled entity of Iran within meaning of Iran — United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — The law and practice of the Iran — United States Claims Tribunal

Disputes — Arbitration — The award — Scope and binding force — Refusal by arbitrator to sign award — Alleged irregularities during taking of evidence and deliberations — Whether award therefore legally invalid — Confidentiality of deliberations — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — The law and practice of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal

Disputes — Arbitration — Miscellaneous — Confidentiality of deliberations — Refusal by arbitrator to sign award — Reasons for not signing appended to award — Alleged breach of confidentiality of deliberations — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — The law and practice of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal

Disputes — Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Competence to determine jurisdiction — Claim against Iranian shipping company — Whether an entity controlled by Iran within meaning of Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — Payments due under lease agreement — Compensation for value of equipment — Interest — Scope and binding force of the award — Refusal by arbitrator to sign award — Alleged irregularities during taking of evidence and deliberations — Whether award therefore legally invalid — Confidentiality of deliberations — The law and practice of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal

State responsibility — Interest — The dies a quo — The dies ad quem — Date from which interest payable — Iran — United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — The law and practice of the Iran — United States Claims Tribunal

Disputes — Arbitration — The award — Scope and binding force of the award — Interest — Rate of interest — Date from which interest payable — Damages — Whether interest should be awarded as part of damages — The nature of the arbitral function — Refusal of arbitrator to sign award — Procedure amongst the arbitrators — Allegations of delay — Propriety of arbitrator delivering opinion stating reasons for refusing to sign award — Disclosure of details of discussions amongst arbitrators — Duty of confidentiality — The law and practice of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal