Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Immunity from civil jurisdiction — Whether immunity absolute or capable of waiver — When plea of immunity may be raised — Whether plea can be raised at time of appeal — Need for express waiver — Relevance of Vienna Convention on diplomatic relations — The law of Madagascar (Malagasy Republic).

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Public ships and other property of foreign States — State-owned merchant vessels — Soviet Mercantile Fleet — Whether immune from jurisdiction — The law of the Republic of China.

Jurisdiction — Territorial jurisdiction — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Foreign armed forces — Treaty between Republic of China and United States of America on Status of U.S. Armed Forces (Article 14 (1) (b) and (3) (b) — Agreed Minute — Waiver of jurisdiction — Whether court of Republic of China has jurisdiction over manslaughter by member of foreign force — The law of the Republic of China.

Jurisdiction — Personal — Over nationals in respect of crimes committed abroad — The law of the Republic of China.

Jurisdiction — On the high seas — Conception of and freedom of — Extent of States' jurisdiction on high seas — Italian nationals captured on high seas and charged with contravention of Italian laws — Whether these laws contrary to international law — The law of Italy.

Jurisdiction — On the high seas — Law governing the flag — Italian Law requiring certain Italian ships to carry a cargo manifest — Italian ship captured by coastguards on high seas — Whether Law contrary to international law — The law of Italy.

Jurisdiction — On the high seas — For enforcement of revenue laws — Whether coastal State entitled under international law to exercise jurisdiction over its nationals on high seas — Whether law of Italy contrary to international law.

Jurisdiction — Personal — Over nationals on high seas — Extent of jurisdiction — Italian nationals captured on Italian ship — Charged with contravention of revenue laws — Whether these laws contrary to international law — The law of Italy.

Jurisdiction — Over the air space — Infringement of sovereignty over — Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944 — The law of the Republic of China.

State responsibility — Kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Date of taking — Whether date of decree — Whether retrospective effect given to date of decree where firm under private ownership at that earlier date.

State responsibility — Kinds of — For taking of, or other interference with, property — Compulsory purchase — No payment made.

State responsibility — Kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Date of taking — Effect of transfer of nationalized property to national enterprise — Confiscation — Illusory promise to pay compensation.

State responsibility — Claims — In general — Compensation for war damage — Nature of claim for — Whether extension of concession satisfies obligation — Nationality of claims — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78 (4) (a) and (b), and (8)) — United Nations nationals owning capital in Italian corporation.

State responsibility — Claims — In general — Whether concessionaire has property interest in concession where grant of concession is invalid — Whether compensation due for assets destroyed by war.

State responsibility — Claims — In general — Title to claim — Whether testamentary heirs entitled to award — Confiscation of assets of foundation set up by testator — No provision in will for disposition on termination of foundation.

State responsibility — Claims — Nationality of — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78 (9) (a)) — ‘United Nations nationals’ — Meaning of ‘treated as enemy’ — Whether including persons who suffered merely nominal direct damage — Restrictive interpretation — Whether maxim de minimis non curat lex applicable — Article 78 (4) (a) and (b) of the Peace Treaty — Claim for war damage to property of corporation — Property formerly owned by claimant but transferred to simulated corporation to circumvent anti-semitic legislation — Claimant sole shareholder at date of claim — Whether entitled to compensation — Italian-United States Conciliation Commission.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Dual nationality — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78) — Dominant nationality for purposes of claims — Italian-United States Conciliation Commission.

State responsibility — Claims — Nationality of — Dual nationality — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78) — Dominant nationality for purposes of claims — Italian-United States Conciliation Commission.

Disputes — Conciliation — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 83) — Jurisdiction of Conciliation Commissions — Whether subsidiary to Italian municipal jurisdiction — Whether local remedies must be exhausted before recourse to Conciliation Commission.

State responsibility — Claims — Nationality of — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78 (9) (a)) — “Treated as enemy” — Application to Italian Jews whose property was confiscated — Article 83 — Exhaustion of local remedies — Whether necessary before proceedings may be begun before Conciliation Commission — Italian-United States Memorandum of Understanding, 1957.

State responsibility — Claims — Nationality of — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78) — United Nations nationals — Yugoslav national naturalized United States national — Whether a United Nations national — Dominant nationality — Whether United States entitled to espouse claim.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Peace treaties — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78 (9) (a)) — Yugoslavia national naturalized United States national — Whether a United Nations national — Dominant nationality — Whether United States entitled to espouse claim — Article 78 (1) — Locality of property at date of loss — Loss not proved to have occurred in Italy — Whether Conciliation Commission has jurisdiction.

State responsibility — Claims — Nationality of — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78) — Whether change of nationality affects treaty obligations to United Nations nationals — Locality of property at time of loss — Whether Conciliation Commission has jurisdiction where loss did not occur in Italy.

State responsibility — Claims — Nationality of — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78 (9) (a)) — “United Nations nationals” — Meaning of “treated as enemy” — Discriminatory anti-semitic legislation and sequestration of property — Italian-United States Conciliation Commission.

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For revocation of, or interference with, concessions or concessionary contracts — Termination of concession in accordance with its terms — Whether Government liable to pay indemnity for loss of concession.

State responsibility — Measure of damages — Indirect damages and damages for loss of profits — Termination of concession in accordance with its terms — Whether Government liable to pay indemnity for loss of profits.

State responsibility — Interest — The dies a quo — The dies ad quern — Arbitral award — Interest to run from date of award to date of payment.

Disputes — Arbitration — In general — The law applied by arbitral tribunals — Valuation of property — Criteria — Market value — Original cost less depreciation — Replacement cost less depreciation — General principles of justice and equity.

State responsibility — Damages — Award of damages in general — Grounds for awarding damages — Concession — Embarcation and landing services for passengers and goods in Somali ports — Cancellation by Somali Government according to terms of contract — Obligation under contract to purchase craft and equipment, including dockyards and fixed installations — Provision for arbitration of valuation — Whether obligation to pay only for each item actually taken over by Somali Government or to pay additional indemnity for intangible assets and loss of profits — Date of valuation — Criteria for valuation — Market price — Other criteria recognized by international tribunals — Original cost with depreciation deducted — Replacement cost with depreciation deducted — General principles of justice and equity.

State responsibility — Damages — Measure of — Grounds for awarding damages — Depreciation taken into account — Error of identification of property — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78 (4) (a)).

State responsibility — Claims — In general — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 — Competence of Government of Italy to impose succession tax on compensation paid for war damage — Indemnity due to heirs of deceased claimant not subject to succession tax — Treaty of Peace, Article 78 (4) (a) and (c).

Disputes — Arbitration — Procedure — Visit to locus by tribunal — Italian-United States Conciliation Commission.

State responsibility — Damages — Award of — In general — Assessment of — Compensation for real and personal property — Comparison of inventories — Artistic evaluation of paintings — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 78) — Whether Italy may reduce amount of indemnity to be paid under Treaty by imposing succession tax.