Egyptian Workers' Claims

Abstract

Claims — Mass claims processing — United Nations Compensation Commission — Evidence — Burden on claimant — Reasonable minimum evidence — Proof of deposits in foreign banks — Whether onus shifts to respondent State

Economics, trade and finance — Economic sanctions — Measures taken by Arab States and United Nations following Iraqi invasion of Kuwait — Issues of causation

International tribunals — United Nations Compensation Commission — Jurisdiction — Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), paragraph 16 — Debts and obligations of Iraq arising prior to 2 August 1990 — Definition — Deposits in banks in Iraq for dollar transfers to Egypt — Delays in making transfers — Date on which transfer could reasonably have been expected — Commission possessing jurisdiction in respect of sums deposited on or after 2 July 1990 — Losses resulting directly from invasion or occupation of Kuwait by Iraq — Approach to determining questions of causation — “But for” causation — Proximate causation — Whether losses caused by trade embargo

State responsibility — For losses occasioned by invasion of another State — Iraqi invasion of Kuwait — Losses sustained by individuals — Causation — Whether caused by invasion — Whether trade embargo and related measures a cause

War and armed conflict — Consequences — Responsibility for consequences of invasion — United Nations Compensation Commission