Glaeser

Abstract

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — Conduct of foreign relations — Conclusiveness of statements of the Executive — Interpretation of international conventions involving questions of international public policy — Whether a matter for the Executive or the courts — The law of France

The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Effect under municipal law — Punishment of crimes against humanity — Whether persons prosecuted for such crimes entitled to benefit from principles of non-retroactivity of criminal laws and statutorylimitation of prosecution — Articles 7(2) and 60 of Convention — The law of France

Treaties — Conclusion and operation — Operation and enforcement — Necessity for municipal legislation — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Effect under municipal law following ratification and publication — The law of France

War and neutrality — War in general — Enforcement of the laws of war — Punishment of war crimes and crimes against humanity — Whether principle of the non-retroactivity of criminal laws applies to such crimes — Whether statutory limitation applies to such crimes — Charter of the International Military Tribunal of Nuremberg, 1945, Article 6 — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Articles 7(2) and 60 — Interpretation of international conventions involving questions of international public policy — Whether a matter for the courts or the executive — Effect of European Convention under municipal law — The law of France