Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:20:05.003Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Incidence and distribution of the sorghum head bug, Eurystylus oldi Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae) and other panicle pests of sorghum in West and Central Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

O. Ajayi
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, P. M. B. 3491, Kano, Nigeria
H. C. Sharma*
Affiliation:
ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
R. Tabo
Affiliation:
CRISAT, BP 320, Bamako, Mali
A. Ratnadass
Affiliation:
CRISAT, BP 320, Bamako, Mali
Y. O. Doumbia
Affiliation:
Institut d'Économie Rurale (IER), Sotuba, BP 438, Bamako, Mali
*
Corresponding author: HCS E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The incidence and distribution of the sorghum head bug, Eurystylus oldi Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae), and other panicle pests of sorghum in research stations and farmers' fields in West and Central Africa (WCA) were assessed from 1985 to 1994. Maximum head bug abundance was observed during the dough stage. Head bug abundance was greater on improved cultivars, while the local guineense sorghums with long glumes were less susceptible, both at the research stations and the farmers' fields. Grain damage was moderate to severe, although farmers were mostly unaware of this insect and its damage potential, because it remains hidden inside the panicle. Sorghum midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola Coq.) damage was very high on farmer's fields in Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria. The shootfly Atherigona soccata Rond., stemborer Busseola fusca Fuller, grasshoppers, spittle bug Locris rubens Erichson, Campylomma spp., Creontiades pallidus Ramb., Agonoscelis spp., head caterpillars Helicoverpa armigera Hub., Pyroderces simplex Wlsm. and Eublemma gayneri Roths., were other insect pests damaging sorghum in the areas surveyed. It is proposed that future efforts in sorghum improvement for WCA should focus on developing cultivars with resistance to sorghum head bugs.

Résumé

L'incidence et la distribution de la punaise du sorgho, Eurystylus oldi Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae), et des autres ravageurs du panicule du Sorgho ont été évaluées de 1985 à 1994 en stations de recherches et en parcelles paysannes, en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale (AOC). L'abondance maximale du miride a été observée pendant le stade pâteux. L'abondance du miride était plus importante sur les cultivars améliorés que sur les sorghos guinéens locaux à longues glumes, aussi bien en stations de recherches qu'en parcelles paysannes. Les dégâts sur graines étaient modérés à sévères bien que les fermiers ignoraient la plupart du temps ces insectes et leurs dégâts potentiels car ils restent cachés dans les panicules. Les dégâts provoqués par le moucheron du Sorgho (Stenodiplosis sorghicola Coq.) étaient très importants dans les parcelles paysannes au Burkina Faso, au Niger et au Nigéria. La mouche du sorgho Atherigona soccata Rond., le foreur des tiges Busseola fusca Fuller, les criquets, le cercopide Locris rubens Erichson, Campylomma spp., Creontiades pallidus Ramb., les chenilles de la noctuelle Helicoverpa armigera Hub., Pyroderces simplex Wlsm. et Eublemma gayneri Roths étaient également des ravageurs responsables de dégâts sur sorgho dans la zone prospectée. On suggère que les futures investigations pour l'amélioration de la culture du Sorgho en OAC pourraient porter sur le développement de cultivare résistants au miride du sorgho.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Doumbia, Y. O. (1992a) Connaissances actuelles sur la punaise de la panicule du sorgho au Mali: Eurystylus marginatus Odhiambo (Heteroptera, Miridae), pp. 127132. In La Lutte Intégrée Contre les Ennemis des Cultures Vivrières dans le Sahel: Actes du Deuxième Séminaire sur la Lutte Intégrée Contre les Ennemis des Cultures Vivrières dans le Sahel, 4–9 Jan 1990, Bamako, Mali (Edited by J., Libbey, Eurotext). Institut du Sahel, Bamako, Mali.Google Scholar
Doumbia, Y. O. (1992b) Les principales punaises nuisibles aux panicules du sorgho au Mali. Semi-Arid Food Grain Research and Development/West and Central African Sorghum Research Network. Bamako, Mali. 20 pp.Google Scholar
Doumbia, Y. O. and Bonzi, S. M. (1985) Note sur les problèmes des particules du sorgho au Mali, pp. 173182. In Proceedings of the West African Regional Sorghum Network Workshop, 21–24 Oct 1985, Bamako, Mali. Semi-Arid Food Grain Research and Development/International Crops Research Institute for the Semi – Arid Tropics. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.Google Scholar
[ICRISAT] International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Sahelian Center (1991) ICRISAT West and Central African Programs Annual Report, 1990. ICRISAT Sahelian Center, Niamey, Niger.Google Scholar
McFarlane, J. H. (1989) The hemipterous insects and spiders of sorghum in northern Nigeria. Insect Sci. Applic. 10, 277284.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. (1985) Sorghum insect pests in West Africa, pp. 3743. In Proceedings of the International Sorghum Entomology Workshop, 15–21 July 1984, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. and Youm, O. (Eds) (1995) Panicle Insect Pests of Sorghum and Pearl Millet: Proceedings of an International Consultative Workshop, 4–7 Oct 1993, ICRISAT Sahelian Center, Niamey, Niger. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India.Google Scholar
Sharma, H. C., Doumbia, Y. O., and Diorisso, N. Y. (1992) Aheadcage technique to screen for resistance to head bug, Eurystylus immaculatus Odh. in West Africa. Insect Sci. Applic. 13, 417427.Google Scholar
Sharma, H. C., Doumbia, Y.O., Scheuring, J. F., Ramaiah, K. V., Beninati, N. F. and Haidra, M. (1994) Genotypie resistance and mechanisms of resistance to the sorghum head bug, Eurystylus immaculatus Odh. in West Africa. Insect Sci. Applic. 15, 3948.Google Scholar
Steck, G. J., Teetes, G. L. and Maiga, S. D. (1989) Species composition and injury to sorghum by panicle feeding bugs in Niger. Insect Sci. Applic. 10, 199217.Google Scholar