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Evaluation of onion (Allium cepa) germplasm entries for resistance to onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) in Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2017

Gabriel Michael Njau ,
Agnes M. S. Nyomora ,
Fekadu Fufa Dinssa ,
Jian-Cheng Chang ,
P. Malini ,
S. Subramanian  and
R. Srinivasan
Gabriel Michael Njau
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, World Vegetable Center, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania Botany Department, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35060, Dar es SalaamTanzania
Agnes M. S. Nyomora
Affiliation:
Botany Department, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35060, Dar es SalaamTanzania
Fekadu Fufa Dinssa
Affiliation:
Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, World Vegetable Center, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania
Jian-Cheng Chang
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China Biology Division, Taiwan Sugar Research Institute, Tainan 70176, Taiwan, Republic of China
P. Malini
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China
S. Subramanian
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
R. Srinivasan*
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), is a prominent species infesting onion and tomato in the northern highlands of Tanzania. It causes considerable leaf damage by direct feeding and also transmits the Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). Hence, one of the objectives of this study was to identify the most resistant onion entries against T. tabaci. One highly resistant (VI038552) and two resistant onion entries (VI038512 and AVON 1067) were identified against T. tabaci. Besides thrips resistance, the bulb size of VI038512 was also equivalent to one of the commercial varieties, Texas. The highly resistant VI038552 recorded the highest yield, followed by the resistant entry, VI038512. However, the yield of AVON 1067 was significantly lower. Elucidation of the biophysical bases of resistance revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between leaf angle as well as leaf toughness and thrips damage. The total epicuticular wax content in the leaves had a weak and non-significant negative relationship with thrips damage. The scanning electron microscopic study confirmed that the wax crystals occurred as filaments, rods, platelets, tubes and complex dendritic structures, and that they were densely arranged in resistant or moderately resistant entries. Studies on the biochemical basis of resistance confirmed that there was a significant negative relationship between total phenol content and thrips damage. Similarly, the relationship between total foliar amino acids or total sugars and thrips damage was inversely correlated and non-significant. Hence, entries VI038552 and VI038512 could be promising candidates for breeding programmes aimed at developing onion varieties that are resistant to thrips and that are high yielding, which will help to enhance the productivity of onions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords

Onion germplasmresistancebiophysical basisbiochemical basisyieldTanzania
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 37 , Special Issue 2: Thrips and Tospovirus Management in East Africa , June 2017 , pp. 98 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2017 

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