Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T10:09:09.991Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of vibration on passive intermodulation of microwave connector

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2019

Tuanjie Li Open the ORCID record for Tuanjie Li [Opens in a new window] ,
Mingtai Li ,
Wangmin Zhai  and
Jie Jiang
Tuanjie Li
Affiliation:
School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
Mingtai Li
Affiliation:
School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
Wangmin Zhai
Affiliation:
School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
Jie Jiang
Affiliation:
Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100China
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper investigates the generation of passive intermodulation (PIM) in coaxial connectors during vibration. A series of experiments were designed and the simulation model and method were proposed for understanding these phenomena. We found that PIM is mainly influenced by the contact stress and contact surface roughness during vibration. Thus, a power spectral density method is presented to identify the roughness parameter of contact surface based on the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot model, and the simulation model and method were verified by the relative experiments. Eventually, some suggestions for engineering application were provided.

Keywords

Microwave connectornonlinear contactpassive intermodulation (PIM)surface roughnessvibration
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 39 - 47
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Wilkerson, JR, Kilgore, IM, Gard, KG and Steer, MB (2015) Passive intermodulation distortion in antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 474–482.Google Scholar
2.Zhao, X, He, Y, Ye, M, Gao, F, Peng, W, Li, Y, Bai, C and Cui, W (2017) Analytic passive intermodulation model for flange connection based on metallic contact nonlinearity approximation. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 65, 2279–2287.Google Scholar
3.Lui, PL and Rawlins, AD (1989) Passive non-linearities in antenna systems. IEE Colloquium on Passive Intermodulation Products in Antennas and related structures: IET. p. 6/1–6/7.Google Scholar
4.Wilkerson, JR, Lam, PG, Gard, KG and Steer, MB (2011) Distributed passive intermodulation distortion on transmission lines. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, 1190–1205.Google Scholar
5.Li, T, Zhang, K, Jiang, J and Ma, X (2018) Passive intermodulation analysis of single contact junctions of wire mesh. Journal of Computational Electronics 17, 101–109.Google Scholar
6.Yang, S, Wu, W, Xu, S, Zhang, YJ, Stutts, D and Pommerenke, DJ (2017) A passive intermodulation source identification measurement system using a vibration modulation method. J IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 59, 1677–1684.Google Scholar
7.Mantovani, JC and Denny, HW (1984) Technique for locating passive intermodulation interference sources. 1984 National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility: IEEE.Google Scholar
8.Mantovani, JC, Denny, HW and Warren, WB (1987) Apparatus for locating passive intermodulation interference sources. Google Patents.Google Scholar
9.Henrie, JJ, Christianson, AJ and Chappell, WJ (2010) Linear–Nonlinear Interaction and Passive Intermodulation Distortion. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 58, 1230–1237.Google Scholar
10.Henrie, JJ, Christianson, AJ and Chappell, WJ (2009) Engineered passive nonlinearities for broadband passive intermodulation distortion mitigation. IEEE microwave and wireless components letters 19, 614–616.Google Scholar
11.Henrie, JJ, Christianson, AJ and Chappell, WJ (2008) Prediction of Passive intermodulation from coaxial connectors in microwave networks. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 56, 209–216.Google Scholar
12.Wetherington, JM and Steer, MB (2012) Standoff acoustic modulation of radio frequency signals in a log-periodic dipole array antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 11, 885–888.Google Scholar
13.Kilgore, IM, Kabiri, SA, Kane, AW and Steer, MB (2016) The effect of chaotic vibrations on antenna characteristics. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15, 1242–1244.Google Scholar
14.Chen, X, He, Y, Yang, S, Cui, W, Zhang, YJ, Pommerenke, DJ and Fan, J (2018) Analytic passive intermodulation behavior on the coaxial connector using Monte Carlo approximation. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 60, 1207–1214.Google Scholar
15.Yang, H, Wen, H, Qi, Y and Fan, J (2018) An equivalent circuit model to analyze passive intermodulation of loose contact Coaxial connectors. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 60, 1180–1189.Google Scholar
16.Mandelbrot, BB (1979) Fractals: form, chance and dimension. Physics Today 1, 65–66.Google Scholar
17.Majumdar, A and Bhushan, B (1991) Fractal model of elastic-plastic contact between rough surfaces. Journal of Tribology 113, 1–11.Google Scholar
18.Fu, R, Choe, SY, Jackson, RL, Flowers, GT, Bozack, MJ, Zhong, L and Kim, D (2010) Experimental study of the vibration-induced fretting of silver-plated high power automotive connectors. 2010 Proceedings of the 56th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts: IEEE.Google Scholar
19.Zhang, F and Flowers, GT (2014) Fretting corrosion in electric connectors induced by axial vibration. 2014 IEEE 60th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm): IEEE.Google Scholar
20.Ausloos, M and Berman, D (1985) A multivariate Weierstrass–Mandelbrot function. Proceedings of the Royal Society 400, 331–350.Google Scholar
21.Li, T, Zhai, W, Li, X, Ma, X and Jiang, J (2018) A finite difference time Domain method for passive intermodulation analysis of nonlinear Metal-Metal contact. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal 33, 935–942.Google Scholar
22.Zhang, K, Li, T and Jiang, J (2018) Passive intermodulation of contact nonlinearity on microwave connectors. Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 60, 513–519.Google Scholar
23.Li, T, Zhang, K and Jiang, J (2017) Passive intermodulation model and experimental verification of cascaded microwave devices. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, 1481–1487.Google Scholar
24.Jiang, J, Li, T, Ma, X and Wang, P (2014) A nonlinear equivalent circuit method for analysis of passive intermodulation of mesh reflectors. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 27, 924–929.Google Scholar