Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T16:19:26.661Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Passive intermodulation model and experimental verification of cascaded microwave devices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2017

Tuanjie Li*
Affiliation:
School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China. Phone: +86 029 88202470
Kai Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China. Phone: +86 029 88202470
Jie Jiang
Affiliation:
Engineering College, Honghe University, Mengzi 661100, China
*
Corresponding author: T. Li Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Passive intermodulation (PIM) is a complex problem in high-power microwave devices and satellite communications. In this paper, an effective calculation method is proposed for predicting PIM power levels of the cascaded microwave devices. First of all, the analytical formula of intermodulation voltage is derived based on the nonlinear I–V characteristics of microwave devices. Then, the mathematical model of point sources is constructed by the transmission line theory and extended to the cascaded microwave devices. The passive intermodulation products (PIMP) of the cascaded microwave devices are evaluated based on the point-source model. The relationship of PIM between a single microwave device and the cascaded system is revealed. Eventually, the corresponding experiments are designed to verify the accuracy of point-source model and the cascaded model to predict the third-order PIM power level, which address the problem of PIM prediction of the cascaded microwave devices.

Type
Research Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Shitvov, A.; Schuchinsky, A.G.; Steer, M.B.; Wetherington, J.M.: Characterisation of nonlinear distortion and intermodulation in passive devices and antennas, in Eur. Conf. on Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 14541458.Google Scholar
[2] Bolli, P.; Selleri, S.; Pelosi, G.: Passive intermodulation on large reflector antennas. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 44 (2002), 1320.Google Scholar
[3] Lui, P.L.: Passive intermodulation interference in communication systems. Electron. Commun. Eng. J., 2 (1990), 109118.Google Scholar
[4] Rezvanian, O.; Zikry, M.A.; Brown, C.; Krim, J.: Surface roughness, asperity contact and gold RF MEMS switch behavior. J. Micromech. Microeng., 17 (2007), 20062015.Google Scholar
[5] Bond, C.D.; Guenzer, C.S.; Carosella, C.A.: Intermodulation generation by electron tunneling through aluminum-oxide films. Proc. IEEE, 67 (1979), 16431652.Google Scholar
[6] Brad, D.; Rick, H.: Measuring the passive-IM performance of RF cable assemblies. Microw. RF, 36 (1997), 108114.Google Scholar
[7] Jargon, J.A.; Degroot, D.C.; Reed, K.L.: NIST passive intermodulation measurement comparison for wireless base station equipment, in 52nd ARFTG Conf. Digest: Computer-Aided Design and Test for High-Speed Electronics, 1998, 128139.Google Scholar
[8] Timsit, R.S.: High speed electronic connectors: a review of electrical contact properties. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., E88-C (2005), 17911798.Google Scholar
[9] Henrie, J.J.; Christianson, A.J.; Chappell, W.J.: Linear–nonlinear interaction and passive intermodulation distortion. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 58 (2010), 12301237.Google Scholar
[10] Henrie, J.J.; Christianson, A.J.; Chappell, W.J.: Prediction of passive intermodulation from coaxial connectors in microwave networks. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 56 (2008), 209216.Google Scholar
[11] Kozlov, D.S.; Shitvov, A.P.; Schuchinsky, A.G.: On passive intermodulation test of analog and digital systems, in Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-wave Circuits Workshop, 2015, 13.Google Scholar
[12] Kozlov, D.S.; Shitvov, A.P.; Schuchinsky, A.G.: Passive intermodulation in distributed circuits with cascaded discrete nonlinearities, in Eur. Conf. on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 15.Google Scholar
[13] Zhao, P.; Zhang, X.; Yang, D.; Hu, X.: Superposition effect of passive intermodulation for cable assemblies with discrete point-sources. China Commun., 12 (2015), 97105.Google Scholar
[14] Jiang, J.; Li, T.; Liu, Y.: Passive inter-modulation scattering analysis of reflector considering contact nonlinearity. Chin. J. Aeronaut., 26 (2013), 463469.Google Scholar
[15] Sui, W.; Christensen, D.A.; Durney, C.H.: Extending the two-dimensional FDTD method to hybrid electromagnetic systems with active and passive lumped elements. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 40 (1992), 724730.Google Scholar
[16] Eng, K.Y.; Stern, T.E.: The order-and-type prediction problem arising from passive intermodulation interference in communications satellites. IEEE Trans. Commun., 29 (1981), 549555.Google Scholar
[17] Hienonen, S.; Raisanen, A.V.: Effect of load impedance on passive intermodulation measurements. Electron. Lett., 40 (2004), 245247.Google Scholar